Take a first pass at adding a benchmark.

It doesn't cover all of the markdown syntax yet, but it has a blob of
realistic markdown and a benchmark runner.

R=nweiz@google.com

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org//1314153005 .
diff --git a/pkgs/markdown/benchmark/benchmark.dart b/pkgs/markdown/benchmark/benchmark.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed6b521
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/markdown/benchmark/benchmark.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2015, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+library markdown.benchmark.benchmark;
+
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'package:path/path.dart' as p;
+
+import 'package:markdown/markdown.dart';
+
+const numTrials = 100;
+const runsPerTrial = 50;
+
+final source = loadFile("input.md");
+final expected = loadFile("output.html");
+
+void main(List<String> args) {
+  var best = double.INFINITY;
+
+  // Run the benchmark several times. This ensures the VM is warmed up and lets
+  // us see how much variance there is.
+  for (var i = 0; i <= numTrials; i++) {
+    var start = new DateTime.now();
+
+    // For a single benchmark, convert the source multiple times.
+    var result;
+    for (var j = 0; j < runsPerTrial; j++) {
+      result = markdownToHtml(source);
+    }
+
+    var elapsed =
+        new DateTime.now().difference(start).inMilliseconds / runsPerTrial;
+
+    // Keep track of the best run so far.
+    if (elapsed >= best) continue;
+    best = elapsed;
+
+    // Sanity check to make sure the output is what we expect and to make sure
+    // the VM doesn't optimize "dead" code away.
+    if (result != expected) {
+      print("Incorrect output:\n$result");
+      exit(1);
+    }
+
+    // Don't print the first run. It's always terrible since the VM hasn't
+    // warmed up yet.
+    if (i == 0) continue;
+    printResult("Run ${padLeft('#$i', 3)}", elapsed);
+  }
+
+  printResult("Best   ", best);
+}
+
+String loadFile(String name) {
+  var path = p.join(p.dirname(p.fromUri(Platform.script)), name);
+  return new File(path).readAsStringSync();
+}
+
+void printResult(String label, double time) {
+  print("$label: ${padLeft(time.toStringAsFixed(2), 4)}ms "
+      "${'=' * ((time * 20).toInt())}");
+}
+
+String padLeft(input, int length) {
+  var result = input.toString();
+  if (result.length < length) {
+    result = " " * (length - result.length) + result;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/markdown/benchmark/input.md b/pkgs/markdown/benchmark/input.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31f5f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/markdown/benchmark/input.md
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+**TODO: Add more examples to cover all of the syntax.**
+
+This input was taken from the test package's README to get a representative
+sample of real-world markdown:
+
+## Writing Tests
+
+Tests are specified using the top-level [`test()`][test] function, and test
+assertions are made using [`expect()`][expect]:
+
+[test]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_test
+[expect]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_expect
+
+```dart
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("String.split() splits the string on the delimiter", () {
+    var string = "foo,bar,baz";
+    expect(string.split(","), equals(["foo", "bar", "baz"]));
+  });
+
+  test("String.trim() removes surrounding whitespace", () {
+    var string = "  foo ";
+    expect(string.trim(), equals("foo"));
+  });
+}
+```
+
+Tests can be grouped together using the [`group()`] function. Each group's
+description is added to the beginning of its test's descriptions.
+
+```dart
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  group("String", () {
+    test(".split() splits the string on the delimiter", () {
+      var string = "foo,bar,baz";
+      expect(string.split(","), equals(["foo", "bar", "baz"]));
+    });
+
+    test(".trim() removes surrounding whitespace", () {
+      var string = "  foo ";
+      expect(string.trim(), equals("foo"));
+    });
+  });
+
+  group("int", () {
+    test(".remainder() returns the remainder of division", () {
+      expect(11.remainder(3), equals(2));
+    });
+
+    test(".toRadixString() returns a hex string", () {
+      expect(11.toRadixString(16), equals("b"));
+    });
+  });
+}
+```
+
+Any matchers from the [`matcher`][matcher] package can be used with `expect()`
+to do complex validations:
+
+[matcher]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/matcher/latest/index.html#matcher/matcher
+
+```dart
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test(".split() splits the string on the delimiter", () {
+    expect("foo,bar,baz", allOf([
+      contains("foo"),
+      isNot(startsWith("bar")),
+      endsWith("baz")
+    ]));
+  });
+}
+```
+
+## Running Tests
+
+A single test file can be run just using `pub run test:test path/to/test.dart`
+(on Dart 1.10, this can be shortened to `pub run test path/to/test.dart`).
+
+![Single file being run via pub run"](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dart-lang/test/master/image/test1.gif)
+
+Many tests can be run at a time using `pub run test:test path/to/dir`.
+
+![Directory being run via "pub run".](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dart-lang/test/master/image/test2.gif)
+
+It's also possible to run a test on the Dart VM only by invoking it using `dart
+path/to/test.dart`, but this doesn't load the full test runner and will be
+missing some features.
+
+The test runner considers any file that ends with `_test.dart` to be a test
+file. If you don't pass any paths, it will run all the test files in your
+`test/` directory, making it easy to test your entire application at once.
+
+By default, tests are run in the Dart VM, but you can run them in the browser as
+well by passing `pub run test:test -p chrome path/to/test.dart`.
+`test` will take care of starting the browser and loading the tests, and all
+the results will be reported on the command line just like for VM tests. In
+fact, you can even run tests on both platforms with a single command: `pub run
+test:test -p "chrome,vm" path/to/test.dart`.
+
+### Restricting Tests to Certain Platforms
+
+Some test files only make sense to run on particular platforms. They may use
+`dart:html` or `dart:io`, they might test Windows' particular filesystem
+behavior, or they might use a feature that's only available in Chrome. The
+[`@TestOn`][TestOn] annotation makes it easy to declare exactly which platforms
+a test file should run on. Just put it at the top of your file, before any
+`library` or `import` declarations:
+
+```dart
+@TestOn("vm")
+
+import "dart:io";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+[TestOn]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test.TestOn
+
+The string you pass to `@TestOn` is what's called a "platform selector", and it
+specifies exactly which platforms a test can run on. It can be as simple as the
+name of a platform, or a more complex Dart-like boolean expression involving
+these platform names.
+
+### Platform Selector Syntax
+
+Platform selectors can contain identifiers, parentheses, and operators. When
+loading a test, each identifier is set to `true` or `false` based on the current
+platform, and the test is only loaded if the platform selector returns `true`.
+The operators `||`, `&&`, `!`, and `? :` all work just like they do in Dart. The
+valid identifiers are:
+
+* `vm`: Whether the test is running on the command-line Dart VM.
+
+* `dartium`: Whether the test is running on Dartium.
+
+* `content-shell`: Whether the test is running on the headless Dartium content
+  shell.
+
+* `chrome`: Whether the test is running on Google Chrome.
+
+* `phantomjs`: Whether the test is running on
+  [PhantomJS](http://phantomjs.org/).
+
+* `firefox`: Whether the test is running on Mozilla Firefox.
+
+* `safari`: Whether the test is running on Apple Safari.
+
+* `ie`: Whether the test is running on Microsoft Internet Explorer.
+
+* `dart-vm`: Whether the test is running on the Dart VM in any context,
+  including Dartium. It's identical to `!js`.
+
+* `browser`: Whether the test is running in any browser.
+
+* `js`: Whether the test has been compiled to JS. This is identical to
+  `!dart-vm`.
+
+* `blink`: Whether the test is running in a browser that uses the Blink
+  rendering engine.
+
+* `windows`: Whether the test is running on Windows. If `vm` is false, this will
+  be `false` as well.
+
+* `mac-os`: Whether the test is running on Mac OS. If `vm` is false, this will
+  be `false` as well.
+
+* `linux`: Whether the test is running on Linux. If `vm` is false, this will be
+  `false` as well.
+
+* `android`: Whether the test is running on Android. If `vm` is false, this will
+  be `false` as well, which means that this *won't* be true if the test is
+  running on an Android browser.
+
+* `posix`: Whether the test is running on a POSIX operating system. This is
+  equivalent to `!windows`.
+
+For example, if you wanted to run a test on every browser but Chrome, you would
+write `@TestOn("browser && !chrome")`.
+
+### Running Tests on Dartium
+
+Tests can be run on [Dartium][] by passing the `-p dartium` flag. If you're
+using the Dart Editor, the test runner will be able to find Dartium
+automatically. On Mac OS, you can also [install it using Homebrew][homebrew].
+Otherwise, make sure there's an executable called `dartium` (on Mac OS or Linux)
+or `dartium.exe` (on Windows) on your system path.
+
+[Dartium]: https://www.dartlang.org/tools/dartium/
+[homebrew]: https://github.com/dart-lang/homebrew-dart
+
+Similarly, tests can be run on the headless Dartium content shell by passing `-p
+content-shell`. The content shell is installed along with Dartium when using
+Homebrew. Otherwise, you can downloaded it manually [from this
+page][content_shell]; if you do, make sure the executable named `content_shell`
+(on Mac OS or Linux) or `content_shell.exe` (on Windows) is on your system path.
+
+[content_shell]: http://gsdview.appspot.com/dart-archive/channels/stable/release/latest/dartium/
+
+[In the future][issue 63], there will be a more explicit way to configure the
+location of both the Dartium and content shell executables.
+
+[issue 63]: https://github.com/dart-lang/test/issues/63
+
+## Asynchronous Tests
+
+Tests written with `async`/`await` will work automatically. The test runner
+won't consider the test finished until the returned `Future` completes.
+
+```dart
+import "dart:async";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("new Future.value() returns the value", () async {
+    var value = await new Future.value(10);
+    expect(value, equals(10));
+  });
+}
+```
+
+There are also a number of useful functions and matchers for more advanced
+asynchrony. The [`completion()`][completion] matcher can be used to test
+`Futures`; it ensures that the test doesn't finish until the `Future` completes,
+and runs a matcher against that `Future`'s value.
+
+[completion]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_completion
+
+```dart
+import "dart:async";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("new Future.value() returns the value", () {
+    expect(new Future.value(10), completion(equals(10)));
+  });
+}
+```
+
+The [`throwsA()`][throwsA] matcher and the various `throwsExceptionType`
+matchers work with both synchronous callbacks and asynchronous `Future`s. They
+ensure that a particular type of exception is thrown:
+
+[throwsA]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_throwsA
+
+```dart
+import "dart:async";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("new Future.error() throws the error", () {
+    expect(new Future.error("oh no"), throwsA(equals("oh no")));
+    expect(new Future.error(new StateError("bad state")), throwsStateError);
+  });
+}
+```
+
+The [`expectAsync()`][expectAsync] function wraps another function and has two
+jobs. First, it asserts that the wrapped function is called a certain number of
+times, and will cause the test to fail if it's called too often; second, it
+keeps the test from finishing until the function is called the requisite number
+of times.
+
+```dart
+import "dart:async";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("Stream.fromIterable() emits the values in the iterable", () {
+    var stream = new Stream.fromIterable([1, 2, 3]);
+
+    stream.listen(expectAsync((number) {
+      expect(number, inInclusiveRange(1, 3));
+    }, count: 3));
+  });
+}
+```
+
+[expectAsync]: http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_expectAsync
+
+## Running Tests with Custom HTML
+
+By default, the test runner will generate its own empty HTML file for browser
+tests. However, tests that need custom HTML can create their own files. These
+files have three requirements:
+
+* They must have the same name as the test, with `.dart` replaced by `.html`.
+
+* They must contain a `link` tag with `rel="x-dart-test"` and an `href`
+  attribute pointing to the test script.
+
+* They must contain `<script src="packages/test/dart.js"></script>`.
+
+For example, if you had a test called `custom_html_test.dart`, you might write
+the following HTML file:
+
+```html
+<!doctype html>
+<!-- custom_html_test.html -->
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Custom HTML Test</title>
+    <link rel="x-dart-test" href="custom_html_test.dart">
+    <script src="packages/test/dart.js"></script>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    // ...
+  </body>
+</html>
+```
+
+## Configuring Tests
+
+### Skipping Tests
+
+If a test, group, or entire suite isn't working yet and you just want it to stop
+complaining, you can mark it as "skipped". The test or tests won't be run, and,
+if you supply a reason why, that reason will be printed. In general, skipping
+tests indicates that they should run but is temporarily not working. If they're
+is fundamentally incompatible with a platform, [`@TestOn`/`testOn`][TestOn]
+should be used instead.
+
+[TestOn]: #restricting-tests-to-certain-platforms
+
+To skip a test suite, put a `@Skip` annotation at the top of the file:
+
+```dart
+@Skip("currently failing (see issue 1234)")
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+The string you pass should describe why the test is skipped. You don't have to
+include it, but it's a good idea to document why the test isn't running.
+
+Groups and individual tests can be skipped by passing the `skip` parameter. This
+can be either `true` or a String describing why the test is skipped. For example:
+
+```dart
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  group("complicated algorithm tests", () {
+    // ...
+  }, skip: "the algorithm isn't quite right");
+
+  test("error-checking test", () {
+    // ...
+  }, skip: "TODO: add error-checking.");
+}
+```
+
+### Timeouts
+
+By default, tests will time out after 30 seconds of inactivity. However, this
+can be configured on a per-test, -group, or -suite basis. To change the timeout
+for a test suite, put a `@Timeout` annotation at the top of the file:
+
+```dart
+@Timeout(const Duration(seconds: 45))
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+In addition to setting an absolute timeout, you can set the timeout relative to
+the default using `@Timeout.factor`. For example, `@Timeout.factor(1.5)` will
+set the timeout to one and a half times as long as the default—45 seconds.
+
+Timeouts can be set for tests and groups using the `timeout` parameter. This
+parameter takes a `Timeout` object just like the annotation. For example:
+
+```dart
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  group("slow tests", () {
+    // ...
+
+    test("even slower test", () {
+      // ...
+    }, timeout: new Timeout.factor(2))
+  }, timeout: new Timeout(new Duration(minutes: 1)));
+}
+```
+
+Nested timeouts apply in order from outermost to innermost. That means that
+"even slower test" will take two minutes to time out, since it multiplies the
+group's timeout by 2.
+
+### Platform-Specific Configuration
+
+Sometimes a test may need to be configured differently for different platforms.
+Windows might run your code slower than other platforms, or your DOM
+manipulation might not work right on Safari yet. For these cases, you can use
+the `@OnPlatform` annotation and the `onPlatform` named parameter to `test()`
+and `group()`. For example:
+
+```dart
+@OnPlatform(const {
+  // Give Windows some extra wiggle-room before timing out.
+  "windows": const Timeout.factor(2)
+})
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("do a thing", () {
+    // ...
+  }, onPlatform: {
+    "safari": new Skip("Safari is currently broken (see #1234)")
+  });
+}
+```
+
+Both the annotation and the parameter take a map. The map's keys are [platform
+selectors](#platform-selector-syntax) which describe the platforms for which the
+specialized configuration applies. Its values are instances of some of the same
+annotation classes that can be used for a suite: `Skip` and `Timeout`. A value
+can also be a list of these values.
+
+If multiple platforms match, the configuration is applied in order from first to
+last, just as they would in nested groups. This means that for configuration
+like duration-based timeouts, the last matching value wins.
+
+## Testing With `barback`
+
+Packages using the `barback` transformer system may need to test code that's
+created or modified using transformers. The test runner handles this using the
+`--pub-serve` option, which tells it to load the test code from a `pub serve`
+instance rather than from the filesystem.
+
+Before using the `--pub-serve` option, add the `test/pub_serve` transformer to
+your `pubspec.yaml`. This transformer adds the necessary bootstrapping code that
+allows the test runner to load your tests properly:
+
+```yaml
+transformers:
+- test/pub_serve:
+    $include: test/**_test{.*,}.dart
+```
+
+Note that if you're using the test runner along with [`polymer`][polymer], you
+have to make sure that the `test/pub_serve` transformer comes *after* the
+`polymer` transformer:
+
+[polymer]: https://www.dartlang.org/polymer/
+
+```yaml
+transformers:
+- polymer
+- test/pub_serve:
+    $include: test/**_test{.*,}.dart
+```
+
+Then, start up `pub serve`. Make sure to pay attention to which port it's using
+to serve your `test/` directory:
+
+```shell
+$ pub serve
+Loading source assets...
+Loading test/pub_serve transformers...
+Serving my_app web on http://localhost:8080
+Serving my_app test on http://localhost:8081
+Build completed successfully
+```
+
+In this case, the port is `8081`. In another terminal, pass this port to
+`--pub-serve` and otherwise invoke `pub run test:test` as normal:
+
+```shell
+$ pub run test:test --pub-serve=8081 -p chrome
+"pub serve" is compiling test/my_app_test.dart...
+"pub serve" is compiling test/utils_test.dart...
+00:00 +42: All tests passed!
+```
diff --git a/pkgs/markdown/benchmark/output.html b/pkgs/markdown/benchmark/output.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c49aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/markdown/benchmark/output.html
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+<p><strong>TODO: Add more examples to cover all of the syntax.</strong></p>
+<p>This input was taken from the test package's README to get a representative
+sample of real-world markdown:</p>
+<h2>Writing Tests</h2>
+<p>Tests are specified using the top-level <a href="http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_test"><code>test()</code></a> function, and test
+assertions are made using <a href="http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_expect"><code>expect()</code></a>:</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("String.split() splits the string on the delimiter", () {
+    var string = "foo,bar,baz";
+    expect(string.split(","), equals(["foo", "bar", "baz"]));
+  });
+
+  test("String.trim() removes surrounding whitespace", () {
+    var string = "  foo ";
+    expect(string.trim(), equals("foo"));
+  });
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Tests can be grouped together using the [`group()`] function. Each group's
+description is added to the beginning of its test's descriptions.</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  group("String", () {
+    test(".split() splits the string on the delimiter", () {
+      var string = "foo,bar,baz";
+      expect(string.split(","), equals(["foo", "bar", "baz"]));
+    });
+
+    test(".trim() removes surrounding whitespace", () {
+      var string = "  foo ";
+      expect(string.trim(), equals("foo"));
+    });
+  });
+
+  group("int", () {
+    test(".remainder() returns the remainder of division", () {
+      expect(11.remainder(3), equals(2));
+    });
+
+    test(".toRadixString() returns a hex string", () {
+      expect(11.toRadixString(16), equals("b"));
+    });
+  });
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Any matchers from the <a href="http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/matcher/latest/index.html#matcher/matcher"><code>matcher</code></a> package can be used with <code>expect()</code>
+to do complex validations:</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test(".split() splits the string on the delimiter", () {
+    expect("foo,bar,baz", allOf([
+      contains("foo"),
+      isNot(startsWith("bar")),
+      endsWith("baz")
+    ]));
+  });
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h2>Running Tests</h2>
+<p>A single test file can be run just using <code>pub run test:test path/to/test.dart</code>
+(on Dart 1.10, this can be shortened to <code>pub run test path/to/test.dart</code>).</p>
+<p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dart-lang/test/master/image/test1.gif"><img alt="Single file being run via pub run"" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dart-lang/test/master/image/test1.gif"></img></a></p>
+<p>Many tests can be run at a time using <code>pub run test:test path/to/dir</code>.</p>
+<p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dart-lang/test/master/image/test2.gif"><img alt="Directory being run via "pub run"." src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dart-lang/test/master/image/test2.gif"></img></a></p>
+<p>It's also possible to run a test on the Dart VM only by invoking it using <code>dart
+path/to/test.dart</code>, but this doesn't load the full test runner and will be
+missing some features.</p>
+<p>The test runner considers any file that ends with <code>_test.dart</code> to be a test
+file. If you don't pass any paths, it will run all the test files in your
+<code>test/</code> directory, making it easy to test your entire application at once.</p>
+<p>By default, tests are run in the Dart VM, but you can run them in the browser as
+well by passing <code>pub run test:test -p chrome path/to/test.dart</code>.
+<code>test</code> will take care of starting the browser and loading the tests, and all
+the results will be reported on the command line just like for VM tests. In
+fact, you can even run tests on both platforms with a single command: <code>pub run
+test:test -p "chrome,vm" path/to/test.dart</code>.</p>
+<h3>Restricting Tests to Certain Platforms</h3>
+<p>Some test files only make sense to run on particular platforms. They may use
+<code>dart:html</code> or <code>dart:io</code>, they might test Windows' particular filesystem
+behavior, or they might use a feature that's only available in Chrome. The
+<a href="#restricting-tests-to-certain-platforms"><code>@TestOn</code></a> annotation makes it easy to declare exactly which platforms
+a test file should run on. Just put it at the top of your file, before any
+<code>library</code> or <code>import</code> declarations:</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>@TestOn("vm")
+
+import "dart:io";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  // ...
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>The string you pass to <code>@TestOn</code> is what's called a "platform selector", and it
+specifies exactly which platforms a test can run on. It can be as simple as the
+name of a platform, or a more complex Dart-like boolean expression involving
+these platform names.</p>
+<h3>Platform Selector Syntax</h3>
+<p>Platform selectors can contain identifiers, parentheses, and operators. When
+loading a test, each identifier is set to <code>true</code> or <code>false</code> based on the current
+platform, and the test is only loaded if the platform selector returns <code>true</code>.
+The operators <code>||</code>, <code>&amp;&amp;</code>, <code>!</code>, and <code>? :</code> all work just like they do in Dart. The
+valid identifiers are:</p><ul><li>
+<p><code>vm</code>: Whether the test is running on the command-line Dart VM.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>dartium</code>: Whether the test is running on Dartium.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>content-shell</code>: Whether the test is running on the headless Dartium content
+  shell.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>chrome</code>: Whether the test is running on Google Chrome.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>phantomjs</code>: Whether the test is running on
+  <a href="http://phantomjs.org/">PhantomJS</a>.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>firefox</code>: Whether the test is running on Mozilla Firefox.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>safari</code>: Whether the test is running on Apple Safari.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>ie</code>: Whether the test is running on Microsoft Internet Explorer.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>dart-vm</code>: Whether the test is running on the Dart VM in any context,
+  including Dartium. It's identical to <code>!js</code>.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>browser</code>: Whether the test is running in any browser.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>js</code>: Whether the test has been compiled to JS. This is identical to
+  <code>!dart-vm</code>.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>blink</code>: Whether the test is running in a browser that uses the Blink
+  rendering engine.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>windows</code>: Whether the test is running on Windows. If <code>vm</code> is false, this will
+  be <code>false</code> as well.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>mac-os</code>: Whether the test is running on Mac OS. If <code>vm</code> is false, this will
+  be <code>false</code> as well.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>linux</code>: Whether the test is running on Linux. If <code>vm</code> is false, this will be
+  <code>false</code> as well.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>android</code>: Whether the test is running on Android. If <code>vm</code> is false, this will
+  be <code>false</code> as well, which means that this <em>won't</em> be true if the test is
+  running on an Android browser.</p></li><li>
+<p><code>posix</code>: Whether the test is running on a POSIX operating system. This is
+  equivalent to <code>!windows</code>.</p></li></ul>
+<p>For example, if you wanted to run a test on every browser but Chrome, you would
+write <code>@TestOn("browser &amp;&amp; !chrome")</code>.</p>
+<h3>Running Tests on Dartium</h3>
+<p>Tests can be run on <a href="https://www.dartlang.org/tools/dartium/">Dartium</a> by passing the <code>-p dartium</code> flag. If you're
+using the Dart Editor, the test runner will be able to find Dartium
+automatically. On Mac OS, you can also <a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/homebrew-dart">install it using Homebrew</a>.
+Otherwise, make sure there's an executable called <code>dartium</code> (on Mac OS or Linux)
+or <code>dartium.exe</code> (on Windows) on your system path.</p>
+<p>Similarly, tests can be run on the headless Dartium content shell by passing <code>-p
+content-shell</code>. The content shell is installed along with Dartium when using
+Homebrew. Otherwise, you can downloaded it manually <a href="http://gsdview.appspot.com/dart-archive/channels/stable/release/latest/dartium/">from this
+page</a>; if you do, make sure the executable named <code>content_shell</code>
+(on Mac OS or Linux) or <code>content_shell.exe</code> (on Windows) is on your system path.</p>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/dart-lang/test/issues/63">In the future</a>, there will be a more explicit way to configure the
+location of both the Dartium and content shell executables.</p>
+<h2>Asynchronous Tests</h2>
+<p>Tests written with <code>async</code>/<code>await</code> will work automatically. The test runner
+won't consider the test finished until the returned <code>Future</code> completes.</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>import "dart:async";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("new Future.value() returns the value", () async {
+    var value = await new Future.value(10);
+    expect(value, equals(10));
+  });
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>There are also a number of useful functions and matchers for more advanced
+asynchrony. The <a href="http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_completion"><code>completion()</code></a> matcher can be used to test
+<code>Futures</code>; it ensures that the test doesn't finish until the <code>Future</code> completes,
+and runs a matcher against that <code>Future</code>'s value.</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>import "dart:async";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("new Future.value() returns the value", () {
+    expect(new Future.value(10), completion(equals(10)));
+  });
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>The <a href="http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_throwsA"><code>throwsA()</code></a> matcher and the various <code>throwsExceptionType</code>
+matchers work with both synchronous callbacks and asynchronous <code>Future</code>s. They
+ensure that a particular type of exception is thrown:</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>import "dart:async";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("new Future.error() throws the error", () {
+    expect(new Future.error("oh no"), throwsA(equals("oh no")));
+    expect(new Future.error(new StateError("bad state")), throwsStateError);
+  });
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>The <a href="http://www.dartdocs.org/documentation/test/latest/index.html#test/test@id_expectAsync"><code>expectAsync()</code></a> function wraps another function and has two
+jobs. First, it asserts that the wrapped function is called a certain number of
+times, and will cause the test to fail if it's called too often; second, it
+keeps the test from finishing until the function is called the requisite number
+of times.</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>import "dart:async";
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("Stream.fromIterable() emits the values in the iterable", () {
+    var stream = new Stream.fromIterable([1, 2, 3]);
+
+    stream.listen(expectAsync((number) {
+      expect(number, inInclusiveRange(1, 3));
+    }, count: 3));
+  });
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h2>Running Tests with Custom HTML</h2>
+<p>By default, the test runner will generate its own empty HTML file for browser
+tests. However, tests that need custom HTML can create their own files. These
+files have three requirements:</p><ul><li>
+<p>They must have the same name as the test, with <code>.dart</code> replaced by <code>.html</code>.</p></li><li>
+<p>They must contain a <code>link</code> tag with <code>rel="x-dart-test"</code> and an <code>href</code>
+  attribute pointing to the test script.</p></li><li>
+<p>They must contain <code>&lt;script src="packages/test/dart.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;</code>.</p></li></ul>
+<p>For example, if you had a test called <code>custom_html_test.dart</code>, you might write
+the following HTML file:</p>
+<pre class="html"><code>&lt;!doctype html&gt;
+&lt;!-- custom_html_test.html --&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+  &lt;head&gt;
+    &lt;title&gt;Custom HTML Test&lt;/title&gt;
+    &lt;link rel="x-dart-test" href="custom_html_test.dart"&gt;
+    &lt;script src="packages/test/dart.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;
+  &lt;/head&gt;
+  &lt;body&gt;
+    // ...
+  &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;
+</code></pre>
+<h2>Configuring Tests</h2>
+<h3>Skipping Tests</h3>
+<p>If a test, group, or entire suite isn't working yet and you just want it to stop
+complaining, you can mark it as "skipped". The test or tests won't be run, and,
+if you supply a reason why, that reason will be printed. In general, skipping
+tests indicates that they should run but is temporarily not working. If they're
+is fundamentally incompatible with a platform, <a href="#restricting-tests-to-certain-platforms"><code>@TestOn</code>/<code>testOn</code></a>
+should be used instead.</p>
+<p>To skip a test suite, put a <code>@Skip</code> annotation at the top of the file:</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>@Skip("currently failing (see issue 1234)")
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  // ...
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>The string you pass should describe why the test is skipped. You don't have to
+include it, but it's a good idea to document why the test isn't running.</p>
+<p>Groups and individual tests can be skipped by passing the <code>skip</code> parameter. This
+can be either <code>true</code> or a String describing why the test is skipped. For example:</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  group("complicated algorithm tests", () {
+    // ...
+  }, skip: "the algorithm isn't quite right");
+
+  test("error-checking test", () {
+    // ...
+  }, skip: "TODO: add error-checking.");
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h3>Timeouts</h3>
+<p>By default, tests will time out after 30 seconds of inactivity. However, this
+can be configured on a per-test, -group, or -suite basis. To change the timeout
+for a test suite, put a <code>@Timeout</code> annotation at the top of the file:</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>@Timeout(const Duration(seconds: 45))
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  // ...
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>In addition to setting an absolute timeout, you can set the timeout relative to
+the default using <code>@Timeout.factor</code>. For example, <code>@Timeout.factor(1.5)</code> will
+set the timeout to one and a half times as long as the default—45 seconds.</p>
+<p>Timeouts can be set for tests and groups using the <code>timeout</code> parameter. This
+parameter takes a <code>Timeout</code> object just like the annotation. For example:</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  group("slow tests", () {
+    // ...
+
+    test("even slower test", () {
+      // ...
+    }, timeout: new Timeout.factor(2))
+  }, timeout: new Timeout(new Duration(minutes: 1)));
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Nested timeouts apply in order from outermost to innermost. That means that
+"even slower test" will take two minutes to time out, since it multiplies the
+group's timeout by 2.</p>
+<h3>Platform-Specific Configuration</h3>
+<p>Sometimes a test may need to be configured differently for different platforms.
+Windows might run your code slower than other platforms, or your DOM
+manipulation might not work right on Safari yet. For these cases, you can use
+the <code>@OnPlatform</code> annotation and the <code>onPlatform</code> named parameter to <code>test()</code>
+and <code>group()</code>. For example:</p>
+<pre class="dart"><code>@OnPlatform(const {
+  // Give Windows some extra wiggle-room before timing out.
+  "windows": const Timeout.factor(2)
+})
+
+import "package:test/test.dart";
+
+void main() {
+  test("do a thing", () {
+    // ...
+  }, onPlatform: {
+    "safari": new Skip("Safari is currently broken (see #1234)")
+  });
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Both the annotation and the parameter take a map. The map's keys are <a href="#platform-selector-syntax">platform
+selectors</a> which describe the platforms for which the
+specialized configuration applies. Its values are instances of some of the same
+annotation classes that can be used for a suite: <code>Skip</code> and <code>Timeout</code>. A value
+can also be a list of these values.</p>
+<p>If multiple platforms match, the configuration is applied in order from first to
+last, just as they would in nested groups. This means that for configuration
+like duration-based timeouts, the last matching value wins.</p>
+<h2>Testing With <code>barback</code></h2>
+<p>Packages using the <code>barback</code> transformer system may need to test code that's
+created or modified using transformers. The test runner handles this using the
+<code>--pub-serve</code> option, which tells it to load the test code from a <code>pub serve</code>
+instance rather than from the filesystem.</p>
+<p>Before using the <code>--pub-serve</code> option, add the <code>test/pub_serve</code> transformer to
+your <code>pubspec.yaml</code>. This transformer adds the necessary bootstrapping code that
+allows the test runner to load your tests properly:</p>
+<pre class="yaml"><code>transformers:
+- test/pub_serve:
+    $include: test/**_test{.*,}.dart
+</code></pre>
+<p>Note that if you're using the test runner along with <a href="https://www.dartlang.org/polymer/"><code>polymer</code></a>, you
+have to make sure that the <code>test/pub_serve</code> transformer comes <em>after</em> the
+<code>polymer</code> transformer:</p>
+<pre class="yaml"><code>transformers:
+- polymer
+- test/pub_serve:
+    $include: test/**_test{.*,}.dart
+</code></pre>
+<p>Then, start up <code>pub serve</code>. Make sure to pay attention to which port it's using
+to serve your <code>test/</code> directory:</p>
+<pre class="shell"><code>$ pub serve
+Loading source assets...
+Loading test/pub_serve transformers...
+Serving my_app web on http://localhost:8080
+Serving my_app test on http://localhost:8081
+Build completed successfully
+</code></pre>
+<p>In this case, the port is <code>8081</code>. In another terminal, pass this port to
+<code>--pub-serve</code> and otherwise invoke <code>pub run test:test</code> as normal:</p>
+<pre class="shell"><code>$ pub run test:test --pub-serve=8081 -p chrome
+"pub serve" is compiling test/my_app_test.dart...
+"pub serve" is compiling test/utils_test.dart...
+00:00 +42: All tests passed!
+</code></pre>
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