Cherry pick: iOS context menu positioning (#122907)

* Cherry pick: Fix iOS context menu position when flipped below (#119565)

* Fix anchorBelow calculation, and share toolbar padding constant

* Fix constant references in test

* Test below position when padding is not offset by content distance

* Remove docs references to classes that don't exist yet
diff --git a/packages/flutter/lib/src/cupertino/text_selection_toolbar.dart b/packages/flutter/lib/src/cupertino/text_selection_toolbar.dart
index a630b3d..481413f 100644
--- a/packages/flutter/lib/src/cupertino/text_selection_toolbar.dart
+++ b/packages/flutter/lib/src/cupertino/text_selection_toolbar.dart
@@ -17,9 +17,6 @@
 // Vertical distance between the tip of the arrow and the line of text the arrow
 // is pointing to. The value used here is eyeballed.
 const double _kToolbarContentDistance = 8.0;
-// Minimal padding from all edges of the selection toolbar to all edges of the
-// screen.
-const double _kToolbarScreenPadding = 8.0;
 const Size _kToolbarArrowSize = Size(14.0, 7.0);
 
 // Minimal padding from tip of the selection toolbar arrow to horizontal edges of the
@@ -103,7 +100,15 @@
   /// default Cupertino toolbar.
   final CupertinoToolbarBuilder toolbarBuilder;
 
-  // Add the visial vertical line spacer between children buttons.
+  /// Minimal padding from all edges of the selection toolbar to all edges of the
+  /// viewport.
+  ///
+  /// See also:
+  ///
+  ///  * [TextSelectionToolbar], which uses this same value as well.
+  static const double kToolbarScreenPadding = 8.0;
+
+  // Add the visual vertical line spacer between children buttons.
   static List<Widget> _addChildrenSpacers(List<Widget> children) {
     final List<Widget> nextChildren = <Widget>[];
     for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
@@ -134,7 +139,7 @@
     assert(debugCheckHasMediaQuery(context));
     final MediaQueryData mediaQuery = MediaQuery.of(context);
 
-    final double paddingAbove = mediaQuery.padding.top + _kToolbarScreenPadding;
+    final double paddingAbove = mediaQuery.padding.top + kToolbarScreenPadding;
     final double toolbarHeightNeeded = paddingAbove
         + _kToolbarContentDistance
         + _kToolbarHeight;
@@ -151,15 +156,15 @@
     );
     final Offset anchorBelowAdjusted = Offset(
       clampDouble(anchorBelow.dx, leftMargin, rightMargin),
-      anchorBelow.dy - _kToolbarContentDistance + paddingAbove,
+      anchorBelow.dy + _kToolbarContentDistance - paddingAbove,
     );
 
     return Padding(
       padding: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(
-        _kToolbarScreenPadding,
+        kToolbarScreenPadding,
         paddingAbove,
-        _kToolbarScreenPadding,
-        _kToolbarScreenPadding,
+        kToolbarScreenPadding,
+        kToolbarScreenPadding,
       ),
       child: CustomSingleChildLayout(
         delegate: TextSelectionToolbarLayoutDelegate(
diff --git a/packages/flutter/lib/src/material/text_selection_toolbar.dart b/packages/flutter/lib/src/material/text_selection_toolbar.dart
index a024968..fbd3614 100644
--- a/packages/flutter/lib/src/material/text_selection_toolbar.dart
+++ b/packages/flutter/lib/src/material/text_selection_toolbar.dart
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 import 'dart:math' as math;
 
+import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart' show listEquals;
 import 'package:flutter/rendering.dart';
-import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';
 
 import 'debug.dart';
 import 'icon_button.dart';
@@ -14,15 +14,9 @@
 import 'material.dart';
 import 'material_localizations.dart';
 
-// Minimal padding from all edges of the selection toolbar to all edges of the
-// viewport.
-const double _kToolbarScreenPadding = 8.0;
 const double _kToolbarHeight = 44.0;
 
-const double _kHandleSize = 22.0;
-
 // Padding between the toolbar and the anchor.
-const double _kToolbarContentDistanceBelow = _kHandleSize - 2.0;
 const double _kToolbarContentDistance = 8.0;
 
 /// A fully-functional Material-style text selection toolbar.
@@ -84,6 +78,12 @@
   /// {@endtemplate}
   final ToolbarBuilder toolbarBuilder;
 
+  /// The size of the text selection handles.
+  static const double kHandleSize = 22.0;
+
+  /// Padding between the toolbar and the anchor.
+  static const double kToolbarContentDistanceBelow = kHandleSize - 2.0;
+
   // Build the default Android Material text selection menu toolbar.
   static Widget _defaultToolbarBuilder(BuildContext context, Widget child) {
     return _TextSelectionToolbarContainer(
@@ -97,21 +97,22 @@
     final Offset anchorAbovePadded =
         anchorAbove - const Offset(0.0, _kToolbarContentDistance);
     final Offset anchorBelowPadded =
-        anchorBelow + const Offset(0.0, _kToolbarContentDistanceBelow);
+        anchorBelow + const Offset(0.0, kToolbarContentDistanceBelow);
 
+    const double screenPadding = CupertinoTextSelectionToolbar.kToolbarScreenPadding;
     final double paddingAbove = MediaQuery.of(context).padding.top
-        + _kToolbarScreenPadding;
+        + screenPadding;
     final double availableHeight = anchorAbovePadded.dy - _kToolbarContentDistance - paddingAbove;
     final bool fitsAbove = _kToolbarHeight <= availableHeight;
     // Makes up for the Padding above the Stack.
-    final Offset localAdjustment = Offset(_kToolbarScreenPadding, paddingAbove);
+    final Offset localAdjustment = Offset(screenPadding, paddingAbove);
 
     return Padding(
       padding: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(
-        _kToolbarScreenPadding,
+        screenPadding,
         paddingAbove,
-        _kToolbarScreenPadding,
-        _kToolbarScreenPadding,
+        screenPadding,
+        screenPadding,
       ),
       child: CustomSingleChildLayout(
         delegate: TextSelectionToolbarLayoutDelegate(
diff --git a/packages/flutter/test/cupertino/text_selection_toolbar_test.dart b/packages/flutter/test/cupertino/text_selection_toolbar_test.dart
index 5052d1e..32be735 100644
--- a/packages/flutter/test/cupertino/text_selection_toolbar_test.dart
+++ b/packages/flutter/test/cupertino/text_selection_toolbar_test.dart
@@ -186,6 +186,7 @@
     const double height = _kToolbarHeight;
     const double anchorBelowY = 500.0;
     double anchorAboveY = 0.0;
+    const double paddingAbove = 12.0;
 
     await tester.pumpWidget(
       CupertinoApp(
@@ -193,14 +194,26 @@
           child: StatefulBuilder(
             builder: (BuildContext context, StateSetter setter) {
               setState = setter;
-              return CupertinoTextSelectionToolbar(
-                anchorAbove: Offset(50.0, anchorAboveY),
-                anchorBelow: const Offset(50.0, anchorBelowY),
-                children: <Widget>[
-                  Container(color: const Color(0xffff0000), width: 50.0, height: height),
-                  Container(color: const Color(0xff00ff00), width: 50.0, height: height),
-                  Container(color: const Color(0xff0000ff), width: 50.0, height: height),
-                ],
+              final MediaQueryData data = MediaQuery.of(context);
+              // Add some custom vertical padding to make this test more strict.
+              // By default in the testing environment, _kToolbarContentDistance
+              // and the built-in padding from CupertinoApp can end up canceling
+              // each other out.
+              return MediaQuery(
+                data: data.copyWith(
+                  padding: data.viewPadding.copyWith(
+                    top: paddingAbove,
+                  ),
+                ),
+                child: CupertinoTextSelectionToolbar(
+                  anchorAbove: Offset(50.0, anchorAboveY),
+                  anchorBelow: const Offset(50.0, anchorBelowY),
+                  children: <Widget>[
+                    Container(color: const Color(0xffff0000), width: 50.0, height: height),
+                    Container(color: const Color(0xff00ff00), width: 50.0, height: height),
+                    Container(color: const Color(0xff0000ff), width: 50.0, height: height),
+                  ],
+                ),
               );
             },
           ),
@@ -212,10 +225,14 @@
     // belowAnchor.
     double toolbarY = tester.getTopLeft(findToolbar()).dy;
     expect(toolbarY, equals(anchorBelowY + _kToolbarContentDistance));
+    expect(find.byType(CustomSingleChildLayout), findsOneWidget);
+    final CustomSingleChildLayout layout = tester.widget(find.byType(CustomSingleChildLayout));
+    final TextSelectionToolbarLayoutDelegate delegate = layout.delegate as TextSelectionToolbarLayoutDelegate;
+    expect(delegate.anchorBelow.dy, anchorBelowY - paddingAbove);
 
     // Even when it barely doesn't fit.
     setState(() {
-      anchorAboveY = 50.0;
+      anchorAboveY = 70.0;
     });
     await tester.pump();
     toolbarY = tester.getTopLeft(findToolbar()).dy;
@@ -223,7 +240,7 @@
 
     // When it does fit above aboveAnchor, it positions itself there.
     setState(() {
-      anchorAboveY = 60.0;
+      anchorAboveY = 80.0;
     });
     await tester.pump();
     toolbarY = tester.getTopLeft(findToolbar()).dy;