Bump actions/checkout from 4.1.1 to 4.1.2 (#96)

Bumps [actions/checkout](https://github.com/actions/checkout) from 4.1.1 to 4.1.2.
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases">actions/checkout's releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>v4.1.2</h2>
<p>We are investigating the following issue with this release and have rolled-back the <code>v4</code> tag to point to <code>v4.1.1</code></p>
<ul>
<li><code>sparse-checkout</code> is not available on git versions prior to 2.27.0 (see <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1651">actions/checkout#1651</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fix: Disable sparse checkout whenever <code>sparse-checkout</code> option is not present <a href="https://github.com/dscho"><code>@​dscho</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1598">actions/checkout#1598</a></li>
<li>Bump tough-cookie from 4.0.0 to 4.1.3 by <a href="https://github.com/dependabot"><code>@​dependabot</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1406">actions/checkout#1406</a></li>
<li>Bump <code>@​babel/traverse</code> from 7.20.5 to 7.24.0 by <a href="https://github.com/dependabot"><code>@​dependabot</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1642">actions/checkout#1642</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/jww3"><code>@​jww3</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1616">actions/checkout#1616</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v4.1.1...v4.1.2">https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v4.1.1...v4.1.2</a></p>
</blockquote>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Changelog</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md">actions/checkout's changelog</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h1>Changelog</h1>
<h2>v4.1.2</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fix: Disable sparse checkout whenever <code>sparse-checkout</code> option is not present <a href="https://github.com/dscho"><code>@​dscho</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1598">actions/checkout#1598</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v4.1.1</h2>
<ul>
<li>Correct link to GitHub Docs by <a href="https://github.com/peterbe"><code>@​peterbe</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1511">actions/checkout#1511</a></li>
<li>Link to release page from what's new section by <a href="https://github.com/cory-miller"><code>@​cory-miller</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1514">actions/checkout#1514</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v4.1.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1396">Add support for partial checkout filters</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v4.0.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1067">Support fetching without the --progress option</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1436">Update to node20</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.6.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1377">Fix: Mark test scripts with Bash'isms to be run via Bash</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/579">Add option to fetch tags even if fetch-depth &gt; 0</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.3</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1196">Fix: Checkout fail in self-hosted runners when faulty submodule are checked-in</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1287">Fix typos found by codespell</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1369">Add support for sparse checkouts</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.2</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1289">Fix api endpoint for GHES</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.1</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1246">Fix slow checkout on Windows</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1237">Add new public key for known_hosts</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.4.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1209">Upgrade codeql actions to v2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1210">Upgrade dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1225">Upgrade <code>@​actions/io</code></a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1045">Implement branch list using callbacks from exec function</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1050">Add in explicit reference to private checkout options</a></li>
<li>[Fix comment typos (that got added in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/770">#770</a>)](<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1057">actions/checkout#1057</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.2.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/942">Add GitHub Action to perform release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/967">Fix status badge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1002">Replace datadog/squid with ubuntu/squid Docker image</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/964">Wrap pipeline commands for submoduleForeach in quotes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1029">Update <code>@​actions/io</code> to 1.1.2</a></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>... (truncated)</p>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633"><code>9bb5618</code></a> Prep for release of  v4.1.2  (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1649">#1649</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/8eb1f6a495037164bea451156472f35fdd6bafc0"><code>8eb1f6a</code></a> Bump <code>@​babel/traverse</code> from 7.20.5 to 7.24.0 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1642">#1642</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/556e4c3cb0b8b54b734286d5439adadcb0a8cb92"><code>556e4c3</code></a> Bump tough-cookie from 4.0.0 to 4.1.3 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1406">#1406</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/b32f140b0c872d58512e0a66172253c302617b90"><code>b32f140</code></a> Warn on attempts to publish <code>test-ubuntu-git</code> from non-main branch. (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1623">#1623</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/2650dbd060003e3b5ae211e4358852f336b682a7"><code>2650dbd</code></a> Give <code>test-ubuntu-git</code> its own <code>README</code> (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1620">#1620</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/aadec899646c8e0f34c52d9219c2faac36626b55"><code>aadec89</code></a> Explicitly disable sparse checkout unless asked for (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1598">#1598</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/df0bcddf6d6823307c716b56a7ef9c3b25078874"><code>df0bcdd</code></a> Refine workflow for generating <code>test-ubuntu-git</code> (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1617">#1617</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/473055ba18d6d2da209cd46110aadb9275e3194e"><code>473055b</code></a> Create <code>test-ubuntu-git</code> Docker Container for Proxy Tests (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1616">#1616</a>)</li>
<li>See full diff in <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11...9bb56186c3b09b4f86b1c65136769dd318469633">compare view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
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1 file changed
tree: ae1dc410d292d20c51e88388b82228961786ad24
  1. .github/
  2. benchmark/
  3. example/
  4. lib/
  5. test/
  6. third_party/
  7. tool/
  8. .gitignore
  9. analysis_options.yaml
  10. AUTHORS
  11. CHANGELOG.md
  12. LICENSE
  13. pubspec.yaml
  14. README.md
README.md

Build Status pub package package publisher

Characters are strings viewed as sequences of user-perceived characters, also known as Unicode (extended) grapheme clusters.

The Characters class allows access to the individual characters of a string, and a way to navigate back and forth between them using a CharacterRange.

Unicode characters and representations

There is no such thing as plain text.

Computers only know numbers, so any “text” on a computer is represented by numbers, which are again stored as bytes in memory.

The meaning of those bytes are provided by layers of interpretation, building up to the glyphs that the computer displays on the screen.

AbstractionDart TypeUsageExample
BytesByteBuffer,
Uint8List
Physical layout: Memory or network communication.file.readAsBytesSync()
Code unitsUint8List (UTF‑8)
Uint16List, String (UTF‑16)
Standard formats for
encoding code points in memory.
Stored in memory using one (UTF‑8) or more (UTF‑16) bytes. One or more code units encode a code point.
string.codeUnits
string.codeUnitAt(index)
utf8.encode(string)
Code pointsRunesThe Unicode unit of meaning.string.runes
Grapheme ClustersCharactersHuman perceived character. One or more code points.string.characters
GlyphsVisual rendering of grapheme clusters.print(string)

A Dart String is a sequence of UTF-16 code units, just like strings in JavaScript and Java. The runtime system decides on the underlying physical representation.

That makes plain strings inadequate when needing to manipulate the text that a user is viewing, or entering, because string operations are not working at the grapheme cluster level.

For example, to abbreviate a text to, say, the 15 first characters or glyphs, a string like “A 🇬🇧 text in English” should abbreviate to "A 🇬🇧 text in Eng… when counting characters, but will become “A 🇬🇧 text in …” if counting code units using String operations.

Whenever you need to manipulate strings at the character level, you should be using the Characters type, not the methods of the String class.

The Characters class

The Characters class exposes a string as a sequence of grapheme clusters. All operations on Characters operate on entire grapheme clusters, so it removes the risk of splitting combined characters or emojis that are inherent in the code-unit based String operations.

You can get a Characters object for a string using either the constructor Characters(string) or the extension getter string.characters.

At its core, the class is an Iterable<String> where the element strings are single grapheme clusters. This allows sequential access to the individual grapheme clusters of the original string.

On top of that, there are operations mirroring the operations of String that are not index, code-unit or code-point based, like startsWith or replaceAll. There are some differences between these and the String operations. For example the replace methods only accept characters as pattern. Regular expressions are not grapheme cluster aware, so they cannot be used safely on a sequence of characters.

Grapheme clusters have varying length in the underlying representation, so operations on a Characters sequence cannot be index based. Instead, the CharacterRange iterator provided by Characters.iterator has been greatly enhanced. It can move both forwards and backwards, and it can span a range of grapheme cluster. Most operations that can be performed on a full Characters can also be performed on the grapheme clusters in the range of a CharacterRange. The range can be contracted, expanded or moved in various ways, not restricted to using moveNext, to move to the next grapheme cluster.

Example:

// Using String indices.
String? firstTagString(String source) {
  var start = source.indexOf('<') + 1;
  if (start > 0) {
    var end = source.indexOf('>', start);
    if (end >= 0) {
      return source.substring(start, end);
    }
  }
  return null;
}

// Using CharacterRange operations.
Characters? firstTagCharacters(Characters source) {
  var range = source.findFirst('<'.characters);
  if (range != null && range.moveUntil('>'.characters)) {
    return range.currentCharacters;
  }
  return null;
}