diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/.github/dependabot.yml b/pkgs/package_config/.github/dependabot.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a19a66a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Set update schedule for GitHub Actions
+# See https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/administering-a-repository/keeping-your-actions-up-to-date-with-dependabot
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+
+- package-ecosystem: github-actions
+  directory: /
+  schedule:
+    interval: monthly
+  labels:
+    - autosubmit
+  groups:
+    github-actions:
+      patterns:
+        - "*"
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/.github/workflows/test-package.yml b/pkgs/package_config/.github/workflows/test-package.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..718ec07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/.github/workflows/test-package.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+name: Dart CI
+
+on:
+  # Run on PRs and pushes to the default branch.
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "0 0 * * 0"
+
+env:
+  PUB_ENVIRONMENT: bot.github
+
+jobs:
+  # Check code formatting and static analysis on a single OS (linux)
+  # against Dart dev.
+  analyze:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        sdk: [dev]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683
+      - uses: dart-lang/setup-dart@e630b99d28a3b71860378cafdc2a067c71107f94
+        with:
+          sdk: ${{ matrix.sdk }}
+      - id: install
+        name: Install dependencies
+        run: dart pub get
+      - name: Check formatting
+        run: dart format --output=none --set-exit-if-changed .
+        if: always() && steps.install.outcome == 'success'
+      - name: Analyze code
+        run: dart analyze --fatal-infos
+        if: always() && steps.install.outcome == 'success'
+
+  # Run tests on a matrix consisting of two dimensions:
+  # 1. OS: ubuntu-latest, (macos-latest, windows-latest)
+  # 2. release channel: dev
+  test:
+    needs: analyze
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
+        sdk: [3.4, dev]
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@11bd71901bbe5b1630ceea73d27597364c9af683
+      - uses: dart-lang/setup-dart@e630b99d28a3b71860378cafdc2a067c71107f94
+        with:
+          sdk: ${{ matrix.sdk }}
+      - id: install
+        name: Install dependencies
+        run: dart pub get
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: dart test -p chrome,vm
+        if: always() && steps.install.outcome == 'success'
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/.gitignore b/pkgs/package_config/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b888b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.packages
+.pub
+.dart_tool/
+.vscode/
+packages
+pubspec.lock
+doc/api/
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/AUTHORS b/pkgs/package_config/AUTHORS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8063a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/AUTHORS
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Below is a list of people and organizations that have contributed
+# to the project. Names should be added to the list like so:
+#
+#   Name/Organization <email address>
+
+Google Inc.
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/CHANGELOG.md b/pkgs/package_config/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9fec1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+## 2.1.1-wip
+
+- Require Dart 3.4
+
+## 2.1.0
+
+- Adds `minVersion` to `findPackageConfig` and `findPackageConfigVersion`
+  which allows ignoring earlier versions (which currently only means
+  ignoring version 1, aka. `.packages` files.)
+
+- Changes the version number of `SimplePackageConfig.empty` to the
+  current maximum version.
+
+- Improve file read performance; improve lookup performance.
+- Emit an error when a package is inside the package root of another package.
+- Fix a link in the readme.
+
+## 2.0.2
+
+- Update package description and README.
+- Change to package:lints for style checking.
+- Add an example.
+
+## 2.0.1
+
+- Use unique library names to correct docs issue.
+
+## 2.0.0
+
+- Migrate to null safety.
+- Remove legacy APIs.
+- Adds `relativeRoot` property to `Package` which controls whether to
+  make the root URI relative when writing a configuration file.
+
+## 1.9.3
+
+- Fix `Package` constructor not accepting relative `packageUriRoot`.
+
+## 1.9.2
+
+- Updated to support new rules for picking `package_config.json` over
+  a specified `.packages`.
+- Deduce package root from `.packages` derived package configuration,
+  and default all such packages to language version 2.7.
+
+## 1.9.1
+
+- Remove accidental transitive import of `dart:io` from entrypoints that are
+  supposed to be cross-platform compatible.
+
+## 1.9.0
+
+- Based on new JSON file format with more content.
+- This version includes all the new functionality intended for a 2.0.0
+  version, as well as the, now deprecated, version 1 functionality.
+  When we release 2.0.0, the deprecated functionality will be removed.
+
+## 1.1.0
+
+- Allow parsing files with default-package entries and metadata.
+  A default-package entry has an empty key and a valid package name
+  as value.
+  Metadata is attached as fragments to base URIs.
+
+## 1.0.5
+
+- Fix usage of SDK constants.
+
+## 1.0.4
+
+- Set max SDK version to <3.0.0.
+
+## 1.0.3
+
+- Removed unneeded dependency constraint on SDK.
+
+## 1.0.2
+
+- Update SDK constraint to be 2.0.0 dev friendly.
+
+## 1.0.1
+
+- Fix test to not write to sink after it's closed.
+
+## 1.0.0
+
+- Public API marked stable.
+
+## 0.1.5
+
+- `FilePackagesDirectoryPackages.getBase(..)` performance improvements.
+
+## 0.1.4
+
+- Strong mode fixes.
+
+## 0.1.3
+
+- Invalid test cleanup (to keep up with changes in `Uri`).
+
+## 0.1.1
+
+- Syntax updates.
+
+## 0.1.0
+
+- Initial implementation.
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/CONTRIBUTING.md b/pkgs/package_config/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8423ff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+Want to contribute? Great! First, read this page (including the small print at
+the end).
+
+### Before you contribute
+Before we can use your code, you must sign the
+[Google Individual Contributor License Agreement](https://cla.developers.google.com/about/google-individual)
+(CLA), which you can do online. The CLA is necessary mainly because you own the
+copyright to your changes, even after your contribution becomes part of our
+codebase, so we need your permission to use and distribute your code. We also
+need to be sure of various other things—for instance that you'll tell us if you
+know that your code infringes on other people's patents. You don't have to sign
+the CLA until after you've submitted your code for review and a member has
+approved it, but you must do it before we can put your code into our codebase.
+
+Before you start working on a larger contribution, you should get in touch with
+us first through the issue tracker with your idea so that we can help out and
+possibly guide you. Coordinating up front makes it much easier to avoid
+frustration later on.
+
+### Code reviews
+All submissions, including submissions by project members, require review.
+
+### File headers
+All files in the project must start with the following header.
+
+    // Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+    // for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+    // BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+### The small print
+Contributions made by corporations are covered by a different agreement than the
+one above, the
+[Software Grant and Corporate Contributor License Agreement](https://developers.google.com/open-source/cla/corporate).
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/LICENSE b/pkgs/package_config/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7670007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright 2019, the Dart project authors. 
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+      with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of Google LLC nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/README.md b/pkgs/package_config/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e2e41f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/dart-lang/package_config/workflows/Dart%20CI/badge.svg)](https://github.com/dart-lang/package_config/actions?query=workflow%3A"Dart+CI"+branch%3Amaster)
+[![pub package](https://img.shields.io/pub/v/package_config.svg)](https://pub.dev/packages/package_config)
+[![package publisher](https://img.shields.io/pub/publisher/package_config.svg)](https://pub.dev/packages/package_config/publisher)
+
+Support for working with **Package Configuration** files as described
+in the Package Configuration v2 [design document](https://github.com/dart-lang/language/blob/master/accepted/2.8/language-versioning/package-config-file-v2.md).
+
+A Dart package configuration file is used to resolve Dart package names (e.g.
+`foobar`) to Dart files containing the source code for that package (e.g.
+`file:///Users/myuser/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/foobar-1.1.0`). The
+standard package configuration file is `.dart_tool/package_config.json`, and is
+written by the Dart tool when the command `dart pub get` is run.
+
+The primary libraries of this package are
+* `package_config.dart`:
+    Defines the `PackageConfig` class and other types needed to use
+    package configurations, and provides functions to find, read and
+    write package configuration files.
+
+* `package_config_types.dart`:
+    Just the `PackageConfig` class and other types needed to use
+    package configurations. This library does not depend on `dart:io`.
+
+The package includes deprecated backwards compatible functionality to
+work with the `.packages` file. This functionality will not be maintained,
+and will be removed in a future version of this package.
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/analysis_options.yaml b/pkgs/package_config/analysis_options.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0249e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/analysis_options.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2020, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+# for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+# BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+include: package:dart_flutter_team_lints/analysis_options.yaml
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/example/main.dart b/pkgs/package_config/example/main.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db137ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/example/main.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:io' show Directory;
+
+import 'package:package_config/package_config.dart';
+
+void main() async {
+  var packageConfig = await findPackageConfig(Directory.current);
+  if (packageConfig == null) {
+    print('Failed to locate or read package config.');
+  } else {
+    print('This package depends on ${packageConfig.packages.length} packages:');
+    for (var package in packageConfig.packages) {
+      print('- ${package.name}');
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/package_config.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/package_config.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..074c977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/package_config.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/// A package configuration is a way to assign file paths to package URIs,
+/// and vice-versa.
+///
+/// This package provides functionality to find, read and write package
+/// configurations in the [specified format](https://github.com/dart-lang/language/blob/master/accepted/future-releases/language-versioning/package-config-file-v2.md).
+library;
+
+import 'dart:io' show Directory, File;
+import 'dart:typed_data' show Uint8List;
+
+import 'src/discovery.dart' as discover;
+import 'src/errors.dart' show throwError;
+import 'src/package_config.dart';
+import 'src/package_config_io.dart';
+
+export 'package_config_types.dart';
+
+/// Reads a specific package configuration file.
+///
+/// The file must exist and be readable.
+/// It must be either a valid `package_config.json` file
+/// or a valid `.packages` file.
+/// It is considered a `package_config.json` file if its first character
+/// is a `{`.
+///
+/// If the file is a `.packages` file (the file name is `.packages`)
+/// and [preferNewest] is true, the default, also checks if there is
+/// a `.dart_tool/package_config.json` file next
+/// to the original file, and if so, loads that instead.
+/// If [preferNewest] is set to false, a directly specified `.packages` file
+/// is loaded even if there is an available `package_config.json` file.
+/// The caller can determine this from the [PackageConfig.version]
+/// being 1 and look for a `package_config.json` file themselves.
+///
+/// If [onError] is provided, the configuration file parsing will report errors
+/// by calling that function, and then try to recover.
+/// The returned package configuration is a *best effort* attempt to create
+/// a valid configuration from the invalid configuration file.
+/// If no [onError] is provided, errors are thrown immediately.
+Future<PackageConfig> loadPackageConfig(File file,
+        {bool preferNewest = true, void Function(Object error)? onError}) =>
+    readAnyConfigFile(file, preferNewest, onError ?? throwError);
+
+/// Reads a specific package configuration URI.
+///
+/// The file of the URI must exist and be readable.
+/// It must be either a valid `package_config.json` file
+/// or a valid `.packages` file.
+/// It is considered a `package_config.json` file if its first
+/// non-whitespace character is a `{`.
+///
+/// If [preferNewest] is true, the default, and the file is a `.packages` file,
+/// as determined by its file name being `.packages`,
+/// first checks if there is a `.dart_tool/package_config.json` file
+/// next to the original file, and if so, loads that instead.
+/// The [file] *must not* be a `package:` URI.
+/// If [preferNewest] is set to false, a directly specified `.packages` file
+/// is loaded even if there is an available `package_config.json` file.
+/// The caller can determine this from the [PackageConfig.version]
+/// being 1 and look for a `package_config.json` file themselves.
+///
+/// If [loader] is provided, URIs are loaded using that function.
+/// The future returned by the loader must complete with a [Uint8List]
+/// containing the entire file content encoded as UTF-8,
+/// or with `null` if the file does not exist.
+/// The loader may throw at its own discretion, for situations where
+/// it determines that an error might be need user attention,
+/// but it is always allowed to return `null`.
+/// This function makes no attempt to catch such errors.
+/// As such, it may throw any error that [loader] throws.
+///
+/// If no [loader] is supplied, a default loader is used which
+/// only accepts `file:`,  `http:` and `https:` URIs,
+/// and which uses the platform file system and HTTP requests to
+/// fetch file content. The default loader never throws because
+/// of an I/O issue, as long as the location URIs are valid.
+/// As such, it does not distinguish between a file not existing,
+/// and it being temporarily locked or unreachable.
+///
+/// If [onError] is provided, the configuration file parsing will report errors
+/// by calling that function, and then try to recover.
+/// The returned package configuration is a *best effort* attempt to create
+/// a valid configuration from the invalid configuration file.
+/// If no [onError] is provided, errors are thrown immediately.
+Future<PackageConfig> loadPackageConfigUri(Uri file,
+        {Future<Uint8List?> Function(Uri uri)? loader,
+        bool preferNewest = true,
+        void Function(Object error)? onError}) =>
+    readAnyConfigFileUri(file, loader, onError ?? throwError, preferNewest);
+
+/// Finds a package configuration relative to [directory].
+///
+/// If [directory] contains a package configuration,
+/// either a `.dart_tool/package_config.json` file or,
+/// if not, a `.packages`, then that file is loaded.
+///
+/// If no file is found in the current directory,
+/// then the parent directories are checked recursively,
+/// all the way to the root directory, to check if those contains
+/// a package configuration.
+/// If [recurse] is set to `false`, this parent directory check is not
+/// performed.
+///
+/// If [onError] is provided, the configuration file parsing will report errors
+/// by calling that function, and then try to recover.
+/// The returned package configuration is a *best effort* attempt to create
+/// a valid configuration from the invalid configuration file.
+/// If no [onError] is provided, errors are thrown immediately.
+///
+/// If [minVersion] is set to something greater than its default,
+/// any lower-version configuration files are ignored in the search.
+///
+/// Returns `null` if no configuration file is found.
+Future<PackageConfig?> findPackageConfig(Directory directory,
+    {bool recurse = true,
+    void Function(Object error)? onError,
+    int minVersion = 1}) {
+  if (minVersion > PackageConfig.maxVersion) {
+    throw ArgumentError.value(minVersion, 'minVersion',
+        'Maximum known version is ${PackageConfig.maxVersion}');
+  }
+  return discover.findPackageConfig(
+      directory, minVersion, recurse, onError ?? throwError);
+}
+
+/// Finds a package configuration relative to [location].
+///
+/// If [location] contains a package configuration,
+/// either a `.dart_tool/package_config.json` file or,
+/// if not, a `.packages`, then that file is loaded.
+/// The [location] URI *must not* be a `package:` URI.
+/// It should be a hierarchical URI which is supported
+/// by [loader].
+///
+/// If no file is found in the current directory,
+/// then the parent directories are checked recursively,
+/// all the way to the root directory, to check if those contains
+/// a package configuration.
+/// If [recurse] is set to `false`, this parent directory check is not
+/// performed.
+///
+/// If [loader] is provided, URIs are loaded using that function.
+/// The future returned by the loader must complete with a [Uint8List]
+/// containing the entire file content,
+/// or with `null` if the file does not exist.
+/// The loader may throw at its own discretion, for situations where
+/// it determines that an error might be need user attention,
+/// but it is always allowed to return `null`.
+/// This function makes no attempt to catch such errors.
+///
+/// If no [loader] is supplied, a default loader is used which
+/// only accepts `file:`,  `http:` and `https:` URIs,
+/// and which uses the platform file system and HTTP requests to
+/// fetch file content. The default loader never throws because
+/// of an I/O issue, as long as the location URIs are valid.
+/// As such, it does not distinguish between a file not existing,
+/// and it being temporarily locked or unreachable.
+///
+/// If [onError] is provided, the configuration file parsing will report errors
+/// by calling that function, and then try to recover.
+/// The returned package configuration is a *best effort* attempt to create
+/// a valid configuration from the invalid configuration file.
+/// If no [onError] is provided, errors are thrown immediately.
+///
+/// If [minVersion] is set to something greater than its default,
+/// any lower-version configuration files are ignored in the search.
+///
+/// Returns `null` if no configuration file is found.
+Future<PackageConfig?> findPackageConfigUri(Uri location,
+    {bool recurse = true,
+    int minVersion = 1,
+    Future<Uint8List?> Function(Uri uri)? loader,
+    void Function(Object error)? onError}) {
+  if (minVersion > PackageConfig.maxVersion) {
+    throw ArgumentError.value(minVersion, 'minVersion',
+        'Maximum known version is ${PackageConfig.maxVersion}');
+  }
+  return discover.findPackageConfigUri(
+      location, minVersion, loader, onError ?? throwError, recurse);
+}
+
+/// Writes a package configuration to the provided directory.
+///
+/// Writes `.dart_tool/package_config.json` relative to [directory].
+/// If the `.dart_tool/` directory does not exist, it is created.
+/// If it cannot be created, this operation fails.
+///
+/// Also writes a `.packages` file in [directory].
+/// This will stop happening eventually as the `.packages` file becomes
+/// discontinued.
+/// A comment is generated if `[PackageConfig.extraData]` contains a
+/// `"generator"` entry.
+Future<void> savePackageConfig(
+        PackageConfig configuration, Directory directory) =>
+    writePackageConfigJsonFile(configuration, directory);
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/package_config_types.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/package_config_types.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..825f7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/package_config_types.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/// A package configuration is a way to assign file paths to package URIs,
+/// and vice-versa.
+///
+/// {@canonicalFor package_config.InvalidLanguageVersion}
+/// {@canonicalFor package_config.LanguageVersion}
+/// {@canonicalFor package_config.Package}
+/// {@canonicalFor package_config.PackageConfig}
+/// {@canonicalFor errors.PackageConfigError}
+library;
+
+export 'src/errors.dart' show PackageConfigError;
+export 'src/package_config.dart'
+    show InvalidLanguageVersion, LanguageVersion, Package, PackageConfig;
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/discovery.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/discovery.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b678410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/discovery.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:io';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'errors.dart';
+import 'package_config_impl.dart';
+import 'package_config_io.dart';
+import 'package_config_json.dart';
+import 'packages_file.dart' as packages_file;
+import 'util_io.dart' show defaultLoader, pathJoin;
+
+final Uri packageConfigJsonPath = Uri(path: '.dart_tool/package_config.json');
+final Uri dotPackagesPath = Uri(path: '.packages');
+final Uri currentPath = Uri(path: '.');
+final Uri parentPath = Uri(path: '..');
+
+/// Discover the package configuration for a Dart script.
+///
+/// The [baseDirectory] points to the directory of the Dart script.
+/// A package resolution strategy is found by going through the following steps,
+/// and stopping when something is found.
+///
+/// * Check if a `.dart_tool/package_config.json` file exists in the directory.
+/// * Check if a `.packages` file exists in the directory
+///   (if `minVersion <= 1`).
+/// * Repeat these checks for the parent directories until reaching the
+///   root directory if [recursive] is true.
+///
+/// If any of these tests succeed, a `PackageConfig` class is returned.
+/// Returns `null` if no configuration was found. If a configuration
+/// is needed, then the caller can supply [PackageConfig.empty].
+///
+/// If [minVersion] is greater than 1, `.packages` files are ignored.
+/// If [minVersion] is greater than the version read from the
+/// `package_config.json` file, it too is ignored.
+Future<PackageConfig?> findPackageConfig(Directory baseDirectory,
+    int minVersion, bool recursive, void Function(Object error) onError) async {
+  var directory = baseDirectory;
+  if (!directory.isAbsolute) directory = directory.absolute;
+  if (!await directory.exists()) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  do {
+    // Check for $cwd/.packages
+    var packageConfig =
+        await findPackageConfigInDirectory(directory, minVersion, onError);
+    if (packageConfig != null) return packageConfig;
+    if (!recursive) break;
+    // Check in parent directories.
+    var parentDirectory = directory.parent;
+    if (parentDirectory.path == directory.path) break;
+    directory = parentDirectory;
+  } while (true);
+  return null;
+}
+
+/// Similar to [findPackageConfig] but based on a URI.
+Future<PackageConfig?> findPackageConfigUri(
+    Uri location,
+    int minVersion,
+    Future<Uint8List?> Function(Uri uri)? loader,
+    void Function(Object error) onError,
+    bool recursive) async {
+  if (location.isScheme('package')) {
+    onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+        location, 'location', 'Must not be a package: URI'));
+    return null;
+  }
+  if (loader == null) {
+    if (location.isScheme('file')) {
+      return findPackageConfig(
+          Directory.fromUri(location.resolveUri(currentPath)),
+          minVersion,
+          recursive,
+          onError);
+    }
+    loader = defaultLoader;
+  }
+  if (!location.path.endsWith('/')) location = location.resolveUri(currentPath);
+  while (true) {
+    var file = location.resolveUri(packageConfigJsonPath);
+    var bytes = await loader(file);
+    if (bytes != null) {
+      var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(bytes, file, onError);
+      if (config.version >= minVersion) return config;
+    }
+    if (minVersion <= 1) {
+      file = location.resolveUri(dotPackagesPath);
+      bytes = await loader(file);
+      if (bytes != null) {
+        return packages_file.parse(bytes, file, onError);
+      }
+    }
+    if (!recursive) break;
+    var parent = location.resolveUri(parentPath);
+    if (parent == location) break;
+    location = parent;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/// Finds a `.packages` or `.dart_tool/package_config.json` file in [directory].
+///
+/// Loads the file, if it is there, and returns the resulting [PackageConfig].
+/// Returns `null` if the file isn't there.
+/// Reports a [FormatException] if a file is there but the content is not valid.
+/// If the file exists, but fails to be read, the file system error is reported.
+///
+/// If [onError] is supplied, parsing errors are reported using that, and
+/// a best-effort attempt is made to return a package configuration.
+/// This may be the empty package configuration.
+///
+/// If [minVersion] is greater than 1, `.packages` files are ignored.
+/// If [minVersion] is greater than the version read from the
+/// `package_config.json` file, it too is ignored.
+Future<PackageConfig?> findPackageConfigInDirectory(Directory directory,
+    int minVersion, void Function(Object error) onError) async {
+  var packageConfigFile = await checkForPackageConfigJsonFile(directory);
+  if (packageConfigFile != null) {
+    var config = await readPackageConfigJsonFile(packageConfigFile, onError);
+    if (config.version < minVersion) return null;
+    return config;
+  }
+  if (minVersion <= 1) {
+    packageConfigFile = await checkForDotPackagesFile(directory);
+    if (packageConfigFile != null) {
+      return await readDotPackagesFile(packageConfigFile, onError);
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+Future<File?> checkForPackageConfigJsonFile(Directory directory) async {
+  assert(directory.isAbsolute);
+  var file =
+      File(pathJoin(directory.path, '.dart_tool', 'package_config.json'));
+  if (await file.exists()) return file;
+  return null;
+}
+
+Future<File?> checkForDotPackagesFile(Directory directory) async {
+  var file = File(pathJoin(directory.path, '.packages'));
+  if (await file.exists()) return file;
+  return null;
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/errors.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/errors.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a66fef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/errors.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/// General superclass of most errors and exceptions thrown by this package.
+///
+/// Only covers errors thrown while parsing package configuration files.
+/// Programming errors and I/O exceptions are not covered.
+abstract class PackageConfigError {
+  PackageConfigError._();
+}
+
+class PackageConfigArgumentError extends ArgumentError
+    implements PackageConfigError {
+  PackageConfigArgumentError(
+      Object? super.value, String super.name, String super.message)
+      : super.value();
+
+  PackageConfigArgumentError.from(ArgumentError error)
+      : super.value(error.invalidValue, error.name, error.message);
+}
+
+class PackageConfigFormatException extends FormatException
+    implements PackageConfigError {
+  PackageConfigFormatException(super.message, Object? super.source,
+      [super.offset]);
+
+  PackageConfigFormatException.from(FormatException exception)
+      : super(exception.message, exception.source, exception.offset);
+}
+
+/// The default `onError` handler.
+// ignore: only_throw_errors
+Never throwError(Object error) => throw error;
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..155dfc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'errors.dart';
+import 'package_config_impl.dart';
+import 'package_config_json.dart';
+
+/// A package configuration.
+///
+/// Associates configuration data to packages and files in packages.
+///
+/// More members may be added to this class in the future,
+/// so classes outside of this package must not implement [PackageConfig]
+/// or any subclass of it.
+abstract class PackageConfig {
+  /// The largest configuration version currently recognized.
+  static const int maxVersion = 2;
+
+  /// An empty package configuration.
+  ///
+  /// A package configuration with no available packages.
+  /// Is used as a default value where a package configuration
+  /// is expected, but none have been specified or found.
+  static const PackageConfig empty = SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+
+  /// Creates a package configuration with the provided available [packages].
+  ///
+  /// The packages must be valid packages (valid package name, valid
+  /// absolute directory URIs, valid language version, if any),
+  /// and there must not be two packages with the same name.
+  ///
+  /// The package's root ([Package.root]) and package-root
+  /// ([Package.packageUriRoot]) paths must satisfy a number of constraints
+  /// We say that one path (which we know ends with a `/` character)
+  /// is inside another path, if the latter path is a prefix of the former path,
+  /// including the two paths being the same.
+  ///
+  /// * No package's root must be the same as another package's root.
+  /// * The package-root of a package must be inside the package's root.
+  /// * If one package's package-root is inside another package's root,
+  ///   then the latter package's package root must not be inside the former
+  ///   package's root. (No getting between a package and its package root!)
+  ///   This also disallows a package's root being the same as another
+  ///   package's package root.
+  ///
+  /// If supplied, the [extraData] will be available as the
+  /// [PackageConfig.extraData] of the created configuration.
+  ///
+  /// The version of the resulting configuration is always [maxVersion].
+  factory PackageConfig(Iterable<Package> packages, {Object? extraData}) =>
+      SimplePackageConfig(maxVersion, packages, extraData);
+
+  /// Parses a package configuration file.
+  ///
+  /// The [bytes] must be an UTF-8 encoded JSON object
+  /// containing a valid package configuration.
+  ///
+  /// The [baseUri] is used as the base for resolving relative
+  /// URI references in the configuration file. If the configuration
+  /// has been read from a file, the [baseUri] can be the URI of that
+  /// file, or of the directory it occurs in.
+  ///
+  /// If [onError] is provided, errors found during parsing or building
+  /// the configuration are reported by calling [onError] instead of
+  /// throwing, and parser makes a *best effort* attempt to continue
+  /// despite the error. The input must still be valid JSON.
+  /// The result may be [PackageConfig.empty] if there is no way to
+  /// extract useful information from the bytes.
+  static PackageConfig parseBytes(Uint8List bytes, Uri baseUri,
+          {void Function(Object error)? onError}) =>
+      parsePackageConfigBytes(bytes, baseUri, onError ?? throwError);
+
+  /// Parses a package configuration file.
+  ///
+  /// The [configuration] must be a JSON object
+  /// containing a valid package configuration.
+  ///
+  /// The [baseUri] is used as the base for resolving relative
+  /// URI references in the configuration file. If the configuration
+  /// has been read from a file, the [baseUri] can be the URI of that
+  /// file, or of the directory it occurs in.
+  ///
+  /// If [onError] is provided, errors found during parsing or building
+  /// the configuration are reported by calling [onError] instead of
+  /// throwing, and parser makes a *best effort* attempt to continue
+  /// despite the error. The input must still be valid JSON.
+  /// The result may be [PackageConfig.empty] if there is no way to
+  /// extract useful information from the bytes.
+  static PackageConfig parseString(String configuration, Uri baseUri,
+          {void Function(Object error)? onError}) =>
+      parsePackageConfigString(configuration, baseUri, onError ?? throwError);
+
+  /// Parses the JSON data of a package configuration file.
+  ///
+  /// The [jsonData] must be a JSON-like Dart data structure,
+  /// like the one provided by parsing JSON text using `dart:convert`,
+  /// containing a valid package configuration.
+  ///
+  /// The [baseUri] is used as the base for resolving relative
+  /// URI references in the configuration file. If the configuration
+  /// has been read from a file, the [baseUri] can be the URI of that
+  /// file, or of the directory it occurs in.
+  ///
+  /// If [onError] is provided, errors found during parsing or building
+  /// the configuration are reported by calling [onError] instead of
+  /// throwing, and parser makes a *best effort* attempt to continue
+  /// despite the error. The input must still be valid JSON.
+  /// The result may be [PackageConfig.empty] if there is no way to
+  /// extract useful information from the bytes.
+  static PackageConfig parseJson(Object? jsonData, Uri baseUri,
+          {void Function(Object error)? onError}) =>
+      parsePackageConfigJson(jsonData, baseUri, onError ?? throwError);
+
+  /// Writes a configuration file for this configuration on [output].
+  ///
+  /// If [baseUri] is provided, URI references in the generated file
+  /// will be made relative to [baseUri] where possible.
+  static void writeBytes(PackageConfig configuration, Sink<Uint8List> output,
+      [Uri? baseUri]) {
+    writePackageConfigJsonUtf8(configuration, baseUri, output);
+  }
+
+  /// Writes a configuration JSON text for this configuration on [output].
+  ///
+  /// If [baseUri] is provided, URI references in the generated file
+  /// will be made relative to [baseUri] where possible.
+  static void writeString(PackageConfig configuration, StringSink output,
+      [Uri? baseUri]) {
+    writePackageConfigJsonString(configuration, baseUri, output);
+  }
+
+  /// Converts a configuration to a JSON-like data structure.
+  ///
+  /// If [baseUri] is provided, URI references in the generated data
+  /// will be made relative to [baseUri] where possible.
+  static Map<String, Object?> toJson(PackageConfig configuration,
+          [Uri? baseUri]) =>
+      packageConfigToJson(configuration, baseUri);
+
+  /// The configuration version number.
+  ///
+  /// Currently this is 1 or 2, where
+  /// * Version one is the `.packages` file format and
+  /// * Version two is the first `package_config.json` format.
+  ///
+  /// Instances of this class supports both, and the version
+  /// is only useful for detecting which kind of file the configuration
+  /// was read from.
+  int get version;
+
+  /// All the available packages of this configuration.
+  ///
+  /// No two of these packages have the same name,
+  /// and no two [Package.root] directories overlap.
+  Iterable<Package> get packages;
+
+  /// Look up a package by name.
+  ///
+  /// Returns the [Package] from [packages] with [packageName] as
+  /// [Package.name]. Returns `null` if the package is not available in the
+  /// current configuration.
+  Package? operator [](String packageName);
+
+  /// Provides the associated package for a specific [file] (or directory).
+  ///
+  /// Returns a [Package] which contains the [file]'s path, if any.
+  /// That is, the [Package.root] directory is a parent directory
+  /// of the [file]'s location.
+  ///
+  /// Returns `null` if the file does not belong to any package.
+  Package? packageOf(Uri file);
+
+  /// Resolves a `package:` URI to a non-package URI
+  ///
+  /// The [packageUri] must be a valid package URI. That means:
+  /// * A URI with `package` as scheme,
+  /// * with no authority part (`package://...`),
+  /// * with a path starting with a valid package name followed by a slash, and
+  /// * with no query or fragment part.
+  ///
+  /// Throws an [ArgumentError] (which also implements [PackageConfigError])
+  /// if the package URI is not valid.
+  ///
+  /// Returns `null` if the package name of [packageUri] is not available
+  /// in this package configuration.
+  /// Returns the remaining path of the package URI resolved relative to the
+  /// [Package.packageUriRoot] of the corresponding package.
+  Uri? resolve(Uri packageUri);
+
+  /// The package URI which resolves to [nonPackageUri].
+  ///
+  /// The [nonPackageUri] must not have any query or fragment part,
+  /// and it must not have `package` as scheme.
+  /// Throws an [ArgumentError] (which also implements [PackageConfigError])
+  /// if the non-package URI is not valid.
+  ///
+  /// Returns a package URI which [resolve] will convert to [nonPackageUri],
+  /// if any such URI exists. Returns `null` if no such package URI exists.
+  Uri? toPackageUri(Uri nonPackageUri);
+
+  /// Extra data associated with the package configuration.
+  ///
+  /// The data may be in any format, depending on who introduced it.
+  /// The standard `package_config.json` file storage will only store
+  /// JSON-like list/map data structures.
+  Object? get extraData;
+}
+
+/// Configuration data for a single package.
+abstract class Package {
+  /// Creates a package with the provided properties.
+  ///
+  /// The [name] must be a valid package name.
+  /// The [root] must be an absolute directory URI, meaning an absolute URI
+  /// with no query or fragment path and a path starting and ending with `/`.
+  /// The [packageUriRoot], if provided, must be either an absolute
+  /// directory URI or a relative URI reference which is then resolved
+  /// relative to [root]. It must then also be a subdirectory of [root],
+  /// or the same directory, and must end with `/`.
+  /// If [languageVersion] is supplied, it must be a valid Dart language
+  /// version, which means two decimal integer literals separated by a `.`,
+  /// where the integer literals have no leading zeros unless they are
+  /// a single zero digit.
+  ///
+  /// The [relativeRoot] controls whether the [root] is written as
+  /// relative to the `package_config.json` file when the package
+  /// configuration is written to a file. It defaults to being relative.
+  ///
+  /// If [extraData] is supplied, it will be available as the
+  /// [Package.extraData] of the created package.
+  factory Package(String name, Uri root,
+          {Uri? packageUriRoot,
+          LanguageVersion? languageVersion,
+          Object? extraData,
+          bool relativeRoot = true}) =>
+      SimplePackage.validate(name, root, packageUriRoot, languageVersion,
+          extraData, relativeRoot, throwError)!;
+
+  /// The package-name of the package.
+  String get name;
+
+  /// The location of the root of the package.
+  ///
+  /// Is always an absolute URI with no query or fragment parts,
+  /// and with a path ending in `/`.
+  ///
+  /// All files in the [root] directory are considered
+  /// part of the package for purposes where that that matters.
+  Uri get root;
+
+  /// The root of the files available through `package:` URIs.
+  ///
+  /// A `package:` URI with [name] as the package name is
+  /// resolved relative to this location.
+  ///
+  /// Is always an absolute URI with no query or fragment part
+  /// with a path ending in `/`,
+  /// and with a location which is a subdirectory
+  /// of the [root], or the same as the [root].
+  Uri get packageUriRoot;
+
+  /// The default language version associated with this package.
+  ///
+  /// Each package may have a default language version associated,
+  /// which is the language version used to parse and compile
+  /// Dart files in the package.
+  /// A package version is defined by two non-negative numbers,
+  /// the *major* and *minor* version numbers.
+  ///
+  /// A package may have no language version associated with it
+  /// in the package configuration, in which case tools should
+  /// use a default behavior for the package.
+  LanguageVersion? get languageVersion;
+
+  /// Extra data associated with the specific package.
+  ///
+  /// The data may be in any format, depending on who introduced it.
+  /// The standard `package_config.json` file storage will only store
+  /// JSON-like list/map data structures.
+  Object? get extraData;
+
+  /// Whether the [root] URI should be written as relative.
+  ///
+  /// When the configuration is written to a `package_config.json`
+  /// file, the [root] URI can be either relative to the file
+  /// location or absolute, controller by this value.
+  bool get relativeRoot;
+}
+
+/// A language version.
+///
+/// A language version is represented by two non-negative integers,
+/// the [major] and [minor] version numbers.
+///
+/// If errors during parsing are handled using an `onError` handler,
+/// then an *invalid* language version may be represented by an
+/// [InvalidLanguageVersion] object.
+abstract class LanguageVersion implements Comparable<LanguageVersion> {
+  /// The maximal value allowed by [major] and [minor] values;
+  static const int maxValue = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+  factory LanguageVersion(int major, int minor) {
+    RangeError.checkValueInInterval(major, 0, maxValue, 'major');
+    RangeError.checkValueInInterval(minor, 0, maxValue, 'major');
+    return SimpleLanguageVersion(major, minor, null);
+  }
+
+  /// Parses a language version string.
+  ///
+  /// A valid language version string has the form
+  ///
+  /// > *decimalNumber* `.` *decimalNumber*
+  ///
+  /// where a *decimalNumber* is a non-empty sequence of decimal digits
+  /// with no unnecessary leading zeros (the decimal number only starts
+  /// with a zero digit if that digit is the entire number).
+  /// No spaces are allowed in the string.
+  ///
+  /// If the [source] is valid then it is parsed into a valid
+  /// [LanguageVersion] object.
+  /// If not, then the [onError] is called with a [FormatException].
+  /// If [onError] is not supplied, it defaults to throwing the exception.
+  /// If the call does not throw, then an [InvalidLanguageVersion] is returned
+  /// containing the original [source].
+  static LanguageVersion parse(String source,
+          {void Function(Object error)? onError}) =>
+      parseLanguageVersion(source, onError ?? throwError);
+
+  /// The major language version.
+  ///
+  /// A non-negative integer less than 2<sup>31</sup>.
+  ///
+  /// The value is negative for objects representing *invalid* language
+  /// versions ([InvalidLanguageVersion]).
+  int get major;
+
+  /// The minor language version.
+  ///
+  /// A non-negative integer less than 2<sup>31</sup>.
+  ///
+  /// The value is negative for objects representing *invalid* language
+  /// versions ([InvalidLanguageVersion]).
+  int get minor;
+
+  /// Compares language versions.
+  ///
+  /// Two language versions are considered equal if they have the
+  /// same major and minor version numbers.
+  ///
+  /// A language version is greater then another if the former's major version
+  /// is greater than the latter's major version, or if they have
+  /// the same major version and the former's minor version is greater than
+  /// the latter's.
+  @override
+  int compareTo(LanguageVersion other);
+
+  /// Valid language versions with the same [major] and [minor] values are
+  /// equal.
+  ///
+  /// Invalid language versions ([InvalidLanguageVersion]) are not equal to
+  /// any other object.
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other);
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode;
+
+  /// A string representation of the language version.
+  ///
+  /// A valid language version is represented as
+  /// `"${version.major}.${version.minor}"`.
+  @override
+  String toString();
+}
+
+/// An *invalid* language version.
+///
+/// Stored in a [Package] when the original language version string
+/// was invalid and a `onError` handler was passed to the parser
+/// which did not throw on an error.
+abstract class InvalidLanguageVersion implements LanguageVersion {
+  /// The value -1 for an invalid language version.
+  @override
+  int get major;
+
+  /// The value -1 for an invalid language version.
+  @override
+  int get minor;
+
+  /// An invalid language version is only equal to itself.
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other);
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode;
+
+  /// The original invalid version string.
+  @override
+  String toString();
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config_impl.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config_impl.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..865e99a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config_impl.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'errors.dart';
+import 'package_config.dart';
+import 'util.dart';
+
+export 'package_config.dart';
+
+const bool _disallowPackagesInsidePackageUriRoot = false;
+
+// Implementations of the main data types exposed by the API of this package.
+
+class SimplePackageConfig implements PackageConfig {
+  @override
+  final int version;
+  final Map<String, Package> _packages;
+  final PackageTree _packageTree;
+  @override
+  final Object? extraData;
+
+  factory SimplePackageConfig(int version, Iterable<Package> packages,
+      [Object? extraData, void Function(Object error)? onError]) {
+    onError ??= throwError;
+    var validVersion = _validateVersion(version, onError);
+    var sortedPackages = [...packages]..sort(_compareRoot);
+    var packageTree = _validatePackages(packages, sortedPackages, onError);
+    return SimplePackageConfig._(validVersion, packageTree,
+        {for (var p in packageTree.allPackages) p.name: p}, extraData);
+  }
+
+  SimplePackageConfig._(
+      this.version, this._packageTree, this._packages, this.extraData);
+
+  /// Creates empty configuration.
+  ///
+  /// The empty configuration can be used in cases where no configuration is
+  /// found, but code expects a non-null configuration.
+  ///
+  /// The version number is [PackageConfig.maxVersion] to avoid
+  /// minimum-version filters discarding the configuration.
+  const SimplePackageConfig.empty()
+      : version = PackageConfig.maxVersion,
+        _packageTree = const EmptyPackageTree(),
+        _packages = const <String, Package>{},
+        extraData = null;
+
+  static int _validateVersion(
+      int version, void Function(Object error) onError) {
+    if (version < 0 || version > PackageConfig.maxVersion) {
+      onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(version, 'version',
+          'Must be in the range 1 to ${PackageConfig.maxVersion}'));
+      return 2; // The minimal version supporting a SimplePackageConfig.
+    }
+    return version;
+  }
+
+  static PackageTree _validatePackages(Iterable<Package> originalPackages,
+      List<Package> packages, void Function(Object error) onError) {
+    var packageNames = <String>{};
+    var tree = TriePackageTree();
+    for (var originalPackage in packages) {
+      SimplePackage? newPackage;
+      if (originalPackage is! SimplePackage) {
+        // SimplePackage validates these properties.
+        newPackage = SimplePackage.validate(
+            originalPackage.name,
+            originalPackage.root,
+            originalPackage.packageUriRoot,
+            originalPackage.languageVersion,
+            originalPackage.extraData,
+            originalPackage.relativeRoot, (error) {
+          if (error is PackageConfigArgumentError) {
+            onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(packages, 'packages',
+                'Package ${newPackage!.name}: ${error.message}'));
+          } else {
+            onError(error);
+          }
+        });
+        if (newPackage == null) continue;
+      } else {
+        newPackage = originalPackage;
+      }
+      var name = newPackage.name;
+      if (packageNames.contains(name)) {
+        onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+            name, 'packages', "Duplicate package name '$name'"));
+        continue;
+      }
+      packageNames.add(name);
+      tree.add(newPackage, (error) {
+        if (error is ConflictException) {
+          // There is a conflict with an existing package.
+          var existingPackage = error.existingPackage;
+          switch (error.conflictType) {
+            case ConflictType.sameRoots:
+              onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+                  originalPackages,
+                  'packages',
+                  'Packages ${newPackage!.name} and ${existingPackage.name} '
+                      'have the same root directory: ${newPackage.root}.\n'));
+              break;
+            case ConflictType.interleaving:
+              // The new package is inside the package URI root of the existing
+              // package.
+              onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+                  originalPackages,
+                  'packages',
+                  'Package ${newPackage!.name} is inside the root of '
+                      'package ${existingPackage.name}, and the package root '
+                      'of ${existingPackage.name} is inside the root of '
+                      '${newPackage.name}.\n'
+                      '${existingPackage.name} package root: '
+                      '${existingPackage.packageUriRoot}\n'
+                      '${newPackage.name} root: ${newPackage.root}\n'));
+              break;
+            case ConflictType.insidePackageRoot:
+              onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+                  originalPackages,
+                  'packages',
+                  'Package ${newPackage!.name} is inside the package root of '
+                      'package ${existingPackage.name}.\n'
+                      '${existingPackage.name} package root: '
+                      '${existingPackage.packageUriRoot}\n'
+                      '${newPackage.name} root: ${newPackage.root}\n'));
+              break;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Any other error.
+          onError(error);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return tree;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Iterable<Package> get packages => _packages.values;
+
+  @override
+  Package? operator [](String packageName) => _packages[packageName];
+
+  @override
+  Package? packageOf(Uri file) => _packageTree.packageOf(file);
+
+  @override
+  Uri? resolve(Uri packageUri) {
+    var packageName = checkValidPackageUri(packageUri, 'packageUri');
+    return _packages[packageName]?.packageUriRoot.resolveUri(
+        Uri(path: packageUri.path.substring(packageName.length + 1)));
+  }
+
+  @override
+  Uri? toPackageUri(Uri nonPackageUri) {
+    if (nonPackageUri.isScheme('package')) {
+      throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+          nonPackageUri, 'nonPackageUri', 'Must not be a package URI');
+    }
+    if (nonPackageUri.hasQuery || nonPackageUri.hasFragment) {
+      throw PackageConfigArgumentError(nonPackageUri, 'nonPackageUri',
+          'Must not have query or fragment part');
+    }
+    // Find package that file belongs to.
+    var package = _packageTree.packageOf(nonPackageUri);
+    if (package == null) return null;
+    // Check if it is inside the package URI root.
+    var path = nonPackageUri.toString();
+    var root = package.packageUriRoot.toString();
+    if (_beginsWith(package.root.toString().length, root, path)) {
+      var rest = path.substring(root.length);
+      return Uri(scheme: 'package', path: '${package.name}/$rest');
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/// Configuration data for a single package.
+class SimplePackage implements Package {
+  @override
+  final String name;
+  @override
+  final Uri root;
+  @override
+  final Uri packageUriRoot;
+  @override
+  final LanguageVersion? languageVersion;
+  @override
+  final Object? extraData;
+  @override
+  final bool relativeRoot;
+
+  SimplePackage._(this.name, this.root, this.packageUriRoot,
+      this.languageVersion, this.extraData, this.relativeRoot);
+
+  /// Creates a [SimplePackage] with the provided content.
+  ///
+  /// The provided arguments must be valid.
+  ///
+  /// If the arguments are invalid then the error is reported by
+  /// calling [onError], then the erroneous entry is ignored.
+  ///
+  /// If [onError] is provided, the user is expected to be able to handle
+  /// errors themselves. An invalid [languageVersion] string
+  /// will be replaced with the string `"invalid"`. This allows
+  /// users to detect the difference between an absent version and
+  /// an invalid one.
+  ///
+  /// Returns `null` if the input is invalid and an approximately valid package
+  /// cannot be salvaged from the input.
+  static SimplePackage? validate(
+      String name,
+      Uri root,
+      Uri? packageUriRoot,
+      LanguageVersion? languageVersion,
+      Object? extraData,
+      bool relativeRoot,
+      void Function(Object error) onError) {
+    var fatalError = false;
+    var invalidIndex = checkPackageName(name);
+    if (invalidIndex >= 0) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException(
+          'Not a valid package name', name, invalidIndex));
+      fatalError = true;
+    }
+    if (root.isScheme('package')) {
+      onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+          '$root', 'root', 'Must not be a package URI'));
+      fatalError = true;
+    } else if (!isAbsoluteDirectoryUri(root)) {
+      onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+          '$root',
+          'root',
+          'In package $name: Not an absolute URI with no query or fragment '
+              'with a path ending in /'));
+      // Try to recover. If the URI has a scheme,
+      // then ensure that the path ends with `/`.
+      if (!root.hasScheme) {
+        fatalError = true;
+      } else if (!root.path.endsWith('/')) {
+        root = root.replace(path: '${root.path}/');
+      }
+    }
+    if (packageUriRoot == null) {
+      packageUriRoot = root;
+    } else if (!fatalError) {
+      packageUriRoot = root.resolveUri(packageUriRoot);
+      if (!isAbsoluteDirectoryUri(packageUriRoot)) {
+        onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+            packageUriRoot,
+            'packageUriRoot',
+            'In package $name: Not an absolute URI with no query or fragment '
+                'with a path ending in /'));
+        packageUriRoot = root;
+      } else if (!isUriPrefix(root, packageUriRoot)) {
+        onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(packageUriRoot, 'packageUriRoot',
+            'The package URI root is not below the package root'));
+        packageUriRoot = root;
+      }
+    }
+    if (fatalError) return null;
+    return SimplePackage._(
+        name, root, packageUriRoot, languageVersion, extraData, relativeRoot);
+  }
+}
+
+/// Checks whether [source] is a valid Dart language version string.
+///
+/// The format is (as RegExp) `^(0|[1-9]\d+)\.(0|[1-9]\d+)$`.
+///
+/// Reports a format exception on [onError] if not, or if the numbers
+/// are too large (at most 32-bit signed integers).
+LanguageVersion parseLanguageVersion(
+    String? source, void Function(Object error) onError) {
+  var index = 0;
+  // Reads a positive decimal numeral. Returns the value of the numeral,
+  // or a negative number in case of an error.
+  // Starts at [index] and increments the index to the position after
+  // the numeral.
+  // It is an error if the numeral value is greater than 0x7FFFFFFFF.
+  // It is a recoverable error if the numeral starts with leading zeros.
+  int readNumeral() {
+    const maxValue = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+    if (index == source!.length) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException('Missing number', source, index));
+      return -1;
+    }
+    var start = index;
+
+    var char = source.codeUnitAt(index);
+    var digit = char ^ 0x30;
+    if (digit > 9) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException('Missing number', source, index));
+      return -1;
+    }
+    var firstDigit = digit;
+    var value = 0;
+    do {
+      value = value * 10 + digit;
+      if (value > maxValue) {
+        onError(
+            PackageConfigFormatException('Number too large', source, start));
+        return -1;
+      }
+      index++;
+      if (index == source.length) break;
+      char = source.codeUnitAt(index);
+      digit = char ^ 0x30;
+    } while (digit <= 9);
+    if (firstDigit == 0 && index > start + 1) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException(
+          'Leading zero not allowed', source, start));
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  var major = readNumeral();
+  if (major < 0) {
+    return SimpleInvalidLanguageVersion(source);
+  }
+  if (index == source!.length || source.codeUnitAt(index) != $dot) {
+    onError(PackageConfigFormatException("Missing '.'", source, index));
+    return SimpleInvalidLanguageVersion(source);
+  }
+  index++;
+  var minor = readNumeral();
+  if (minor < 0) {
+    return SimpleInvalidLanguageVersion(source);
+  }
+  if (index != source.length) {
+    onError(PackageConfigFormatException(
+        'Unexpected trailing character', source, index));
+    return SimpleInvalidLanguageVersion(source);
+  }
+  return SimpleLanguageVersion(major, minor, source);
+}
+
+abstract class _SimpleLanguageVersionBase implements LanguageVersion {
+  @override
+  int compareTo(LanguageVersion other) {
+    var result = major.compareTo(other.major);
+    if (result != 0) return result;
+    return minor.compareTo(other.minor);
+  }
+}
+
+class SimpleLanguageVersion extends _SimpleLanguageVersionBase {
+  @override
+  final int major;
+  @override
+  final int minor;
+  String? _source;
+  SimpleLanguageVersion(this.major, this.minor, this._source);
+
+  @override
+  bool operator ==(Object other) =>
+      other is LanguageVersion && major == other.major && minor == other.minor;
+
+  @override
+  int get hashCode => (major * 17 ^ minor * 37) & 0x3FFFFFFF;
+
+  @override
+  String toString() => _source ??= '$major.$minor';
+}
+
+class SimpleInvalidLanguageVersion extends _SimpleLanguageVersionBase
+    implements InvalidLanguageVersion {
+  final String? _source;
+  SimpleInvalidLanguageVersion(this._source);
+  @override
+  int get major => -1;
+  @override
+  int get minor => -1;
+
+  @override
+  String toString() => _source!;
+}
+
+abstract class PackageTree {
+  Iterable<Package> get allPackages;
+  SimplePackage? packageOf(Uri file);
+}
+
+class _PackageTrieNode {
+  SimplePackage? package;
+
+  /// Indexed by path segment.
+  Map<String, _PackageTrieNode> map = {};
+}
+
+/// Packages of a package configuration ordered by root path.
+///
+/// A package has a root path and a package root path, where the latter
+/// contains the files exposed by `package:` URIs.
+///
+/// A package is said to be inside another package if the root path URI of
+/// the latter is a prefix of the root path URI of the former.
+///
+/// No two packages of a package may have the same root path.
+/// The package root path of a package must not be inside another package's
+/// root path.
+/// Entire other packages are allowed inside a package's root.
+class TriePackageTree implements PackageTree {
+  /// Indexed by URI scheme.
+  final Map<String, _PackageTrieNode> _map = {};
+
+  /// A list of all packages.
+  final List<SimplePackage> _packages = [];
+
+  @override
+  Iterable<Package> get allPackages sync* {
+    for (var package in _packages) {
+      yield package;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool _checkConflict(_PackageTrieNode node, SimplePackage newPackage,
+      void Function(Object error) onError) {
+    var existingPackage = node.package;
+    if (existingPackage != null) {
+      // Trying to add package that is inside the existing package.
+      // 1) If it's an exact match it's not allowed (i.e. the roots can't be
+      //    the same).
+      if (newPackage.root.path.length == existingPackage.root.path.length) {
+        onError(ConflictException(
+            newPackage, existingPackage, ConflictType.sameRoots));
+        return true;
+      }
+      // 2) The existing package has a packageUriRoot thats inside the
+      //    root of the new package.
+      if (_beginsWith(0, newPackage.root.toString(),
+          existingPackage.packageUriRoot.toString())) {
+        onError(ConflictException(
+            newPackage, existingPackage, ConflictType.interleaving));
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // For internal reasons we allow this (for now). One should still never do
+      // it though.
+      // 3) The new package is inside the packageUriRoot of existing package.
+      if (_disallowPackagesInsidePackageUriRoot) {
+        if (_beginsWith(0, existingPackage.packageUriRoot.toString(),
+            newPackage.root.toString())) {
+          onError(ConflictException(
+              newPackage, existingPackage, ConflictType.insidePackageRoot));
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /// Tries to add `newPackage` to the tree.
+  ///
+  /// Reports a [ConflictException] if the added package conflicts with an
+  /// existing package.
+  /// It conflicts if its root or package root is the same as an existing
+  /// package's root or package root, is between the two, or if it's inside the
+  /// package root of an existing package.
+  ///
+  /// If a conflict is detected between [newPackage] and a previous package,
+  /// then [onError] is called with a [ConflictException] object
+  /// and the [newPackage] is not added to the tree.
+  ///
+  /// The packages are added in order of their root path.
+  void add(SimplePackage newPackage, void Function(Object error) onError) {
+    var root = newPackage.root;
+    var node = _map[root.scheme] ??= _PackageTrieNode();
+    if (_checkConflict(node, newPackage, onError)) return;
+    var segments = root.pathSegments;
+    // Notice that we're skipping the last segment as it's always the empty
+    // string because roots are directories.
+    for (var i = 0; i < segments.length - 1; i++) {
+      var path = segments[i];
+      node = node.map[path] ??= _PackageTrieNode();
+      if (_checkConflict(node, newPackage, onError)) return;
+    }
+    node.package = newPackage;
+    _packages.add(newPackage);
+  }
+
+  bool _isMatch(
+      String path, _PackageTrieNode node, List<SimplePackage> potential) {
+    var currentPackage = node.package;
+    if (currentPackage != null) {
+      var currentPackageRootLength = currentPackage.root.toString().length;
+      if (path.length == currentPackageRootLength) return true;
+      var currentPackageUriRoot = currentPackage.packageUriRoot.toString();
+      // Is [file] inside the package root of [currentPackage]?
+      if (currentPackageUriRoot.length == currentPackageRootLength ||
+          _beginsWith(currentPackageRootLength, currentPackageUriRoot, path)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      potential.add(currentPackage);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @override
+  SimplePackage? packageOf(Uri file) {
+    var currentTrieNode = _map[file.scheme];
+    if (currentTrieNode == null) return null;
+    var path = file.toString();
+    var potential = <SimplePackage>[];
+    if (_isMatch(path, currentTrieNode, potential)) {
+      return currentTrieNode.package;
+    }
+    var segments = file.pathSegments;
+
+    for (var i = 0; i < segments.length - 1; i++) {
+      var segment = segments[i];
+      currentTrieNode = currentTrieNode!.map[segment];
+      if (currentTrieNode == null) break;
+      if (_isMatch(path, currentTrieNode, potential)) {
+        return currentTrieNode.package;
+      }
+    }
+    if (potential.isEmpty) return null;
+    return potential.last;
+  }
+}
+
+class EmptyPackageTree implements PackageTree {
+  const EmptyPackageTree();
+
+  @override
+  Iterable<Package> get allPackages => const Iterable<Package>.empty();
+
+  @override
+  SimplePackage? packageOf(Uri file) => null;
+}
+
+/// Checks whether [longerPath] begins with [parentPath].
+///
+/// Skips checking the [start] first characters which are assumed to
+/// already have been matched.
+bool _beginsWith(int start, String parentPath, String longerPath) {
+  if (longerPath.length < parentPath.length) return false;
+  for (var i = start; i < parentPath.length; i++) {
+    if (longerPath.codeUnitAt(i) != parentPath.codeUnitAt(i)) return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+enum ConflictType { sameRoots, interleaving, insidePackageRoot }
+
+/// Conflict between packages added to the same configuration.
+///
+/// The [package] conflicts with [existingPackage] if it has
+/// the same root path or the package URI root path
+/// of [existingPackage] is inside the root path of [package].
+class ConflictException {
+  /// The existing package that [package] conflicts with.
+  final SimplePackage existingPackage;
+
+  /// The package that could not be added without a conflict.
+  final SimplePackage package;
+
+  /// Whether the conflict is with the package URI root of [existingPackage].
+  final ConflictType conflictType;
+
+  /// Creates a root conflict between [package] and [existingPackage].
+  ConflictException(this.package, this.existingPackage, this.conflictType);
+}
+
+/// Used for sorting packages by root path.
+int _compareRoot(Package p1, Package p2) =>
+    p1.root.toString().compareTo(p2.root.toString());
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config_io.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config_io.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c5773b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config_io.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// dart:io dependent functionality for reading and writing configuration files.
+
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:io';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'errors.dart';
+import 'package_config_impl.dart';
+import 'package_config_json.dart';
+import 'packages_file.dart' as packages_file;
+import 'util.dart';
+import 'util_io.dart';
+
+/// Name of directory where Dart tools store their configuration.
+///
+/// Directory is created in the package root directory.
+const dartToolDirName = '.dart_tool';
+
+/// Name of file containing new package configuration data.
+///
+/// File is stored in the dart tool directory.
+const packageConfigFileName = 'package_config.json';
+
+/// Name of file containing legacy package configuration data.
+///
+/// File is stored in the package root directory.
+const packagesFileName = '.packages';
+
+/// Reads a package configuration file.
+///
+/// Detects whether the [file] is a version one `.packages` file or
+/// a version two `package_config.json` file.
+///
+/// If the [file] is a `.packages` file and [preferNewest] is true,
+/// first checks whether there is an adjacent `.dart_tool/package_config.json`
+/// file, and if so, reads that instead.
+/// If [preferNewest] is false, the specified file is loaded even if it is
+/// a `.packages` file and there is an available `package_config.json` file.
+///
+/// The file must exist and be a normal file.
+Future<PackageConfig> readAnyConfigFile(
+    File file, bool preferNewest, void Function(Object error) onError) async {
+  if (preferNewest && fileName(file.path) == packagesFileName) {
+    var alternateFile = File(
+        pathJoin(dirName(file.path), dartToolDirName, packageConfigFileName));
+    if (alternateFile.existsSync()) {
+      return await readPackageConfigJsonFile(alternateFile, onError);
+    }
+  }
+  Uint8List bytes;
+  try {
+    bytes = await file.readAsBytes();
+  } catch (e) {
+    onError(e);
+    return const SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+  }
+  return parseAnyConfigFile(bytes, file.uri, onError);
+}
+
+/// Like [readAnyConfigFile] but uses a URI and an optional loader.
+Future<PackageConfig> readAnyConfigFileUri(
+    Uri file,
+    Future<Uint8List?> Function(Uri uri)? loader,
+    void Function(Object error) onError,
+    bool preferNewest) async {
+  if (file.isScheme('package')) {
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+        file, 'file', 'Must not be a package: URI');
+  }
+  if (loader == null) {
+    if (file.isScheme('file')) {
+      return await readAnyConfigFile(File.fromUri(file), preferNewest, onError);
+    }
+    loader = defaultLoader;
+  }
+  if (preferNewest && file.pathSegments.last == packagesFileName) {
+    var alternateFile = file.resolve('$dartToolDirName/$packageConfigFileName');
+    Uint8List? bytes;
+    try {
+      bytes = await loader(alternateFile);
+    } catch (e) {
+      onError(e);
+      return const SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+    }
+    if (bytes != null) {
+      return parsePackageConfigBytes(bytes, alternateFile, onError);
+    }
+  }
+  Uint8List? bytes;
+  try {
+    bytes = await loader(file);
+  } catch (e) {
+    onError(e);
+    return const SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+  }
+  if (bytes == null) {
+    onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+        file.toString(), 'file', 'File cannot be read'));
+    return const SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+  }
+  return parseAnyConfigFile(bytes, file, onError);
+}
+
+/// Parses a `.packages` or `package_config.json` file's contents.
+///
+/// Assumes it's a JSON file if the first non-whitespace character
+/// is `{`, otherwise assumes it's a `.packages` file.
+PackageConfig parseAnyConfigFile(
+    Uint8List bytes, Uri file, void Function(Object error) onError) {
+  var firstChar = firstNonWhitespaceChar(bytes);
+  if (firstChar != $lbrace) {
+    // Definitely not a JSON object, probably a .packages.
+    return packages_file.parse(bytes, file, onError);
+  }
+  return parsePackageConfigBytes(bytes, file, onError);
+}
+
+Future<PackageConfig> readPackageConfigJsonFile(
+    File file, void Function(Object error) onError) async {
+  Uint8List bytes;
+  try {
+    bytes = await file.readAsBytes();
+  } catch (error) {
+    onError(error);
+    return const SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+  }
+  return parsePackageConfigBytes(bytes, file.uri, onError);
+}
+
+Future<PackageConfig> readDotPackagesFile(
+    File file, void Function(Object error) onError) async {
+  Uint8List bytes;
+  try {
+    bytes = await file.readAsBytes();
+  } catch (error) {
+    onError(error);
+    return const SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+  }
+  return packages_file.parse(bytes, file.uri, onError);
+}
+
+Future<void> writePackageConfigJsonFile(
+    PackageConfig config, Directory targetDirectory) async {
+  // Write .dart_tool/package_config.json first.
+  var dartToolDir = Directory(pathJoin(targetDirectory.path, dartToolDirName));
+  await dartToolDir.create(recursive: true);
+  var file = File(pathJoin(dartToolDir.path, packageConfigFileName));
+  var baseUri = file.uri;
+
+  var sink = file.openWrite(encoding: utf8);
+  writePackageConfigJsonUtf8(config, baseUri, sink);
+  var doneJson = sink.close();
+
+  // Write .packages too.
+  file = File(pathJoin(targetDirectory.path, packagesFileName));
+  baseUri = file.uri;
+  sink = file.openWrite(encoding: utf8);
+  writeDotPackages(config, baseUri, sink);
+  var donePackages = sink.close();
+
+  await Future.wait([doneJson, donePackages]);
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config_json.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config_json.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65560a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/package_config_json.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Parsing and serialization of package configurations.
+
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'errors.dart';
+import 'package_config_impl.dart';
+import 'packages_file.dart' as packages_file;
+import 'util.dart';
+
+const String _configVersionKey = 'configVersion';
+const String _packagesKey = 'packages';
+const List<String> _topNames = [_configVersionKey, _packagesKey];
+const String _nameKey = 'name';
+const String _rootUriKey = 'rootUri';
+const String _packageUriKey = 'packageUri';
+const String _languageVersionKey = 'languageVersion';
+const List<String> _packageNames = [
+  _nameKey,
+  _rootUriKey,
+  _packageUriKey,
+  _languageVersionKey
+];
+
+const String _generatedKey = 'generated';
+const String _generatorKey = 'generator';
+const String _generatorVersionKey = 'generatorVersion';
+
+final _jsonUtf8Decoder = json.fuse(utf8).decoder;
+
+PackageConfig parsePackageConfigBytes(
+    Uint8List bytes, Uri file, void Function(Object error) onError) {
+  // TODO(lrn): Make this simpler. Maybe parse directly from bytes.
+  Object? jsonObject;
+  try {
+    jsonObject = _jsonUtf8Decoder.convert(bytes);
+  } on FormatException catch (e) {
+    onError(PackageConfigFormatException.from(e));
+    return const SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+  }
+  return parsePackageConfigJson(jsonObject, file, onError);
+}
+
+PackageConfig parsePackageConfigString(
+    String source, Uri file, void Function(Object error) onError) {
+  Object? jsonObject;
+  try {
+    jsonObject = jsonDecode(source);
+  } on FormatException catch (e) {
+    onError(PackageConfigFormatException.from(e));
+    return const SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+  }
+  return parsePackageConfigJson(jsonObject, file, onError);
+}
+
+/// Creates a [PackageConfig] from a parsed JSON-like object structure.
+///
+/// The [json] argument must be a JSON object (`Map<String, Object?>`)
+/// containing a `"configVersion"` entry with an integer value in the range
+/// 1 to [PackageConfig.maxVersion],
+/// and with a `"packages"` entry which is a JSON array (`List<Object?>`)
+/// containing JSON objects which each has the following properties:
+///
+/// * `"name"`: The package name as a string.
+/// * `"rootUri"`: The root of the package as a URI stored as a string.
+/// * `"packageUri"`: Optionally the root of for `package:` URI resolution
+///     for the package, as a relative URI below the root URI
+///     stored as a string.
+/// * `"languageVersion"`: Optionally a language version string which is a
+///     an integer numeral, a decimal point (`.`) and another integer numeral,
+///     where the integer numeral cannot have a sign, and can only have a
+///     leading zero if the entire numeral is a single zero.
+///
+/// The [baseLocation] is used as base URI to resolve the "rootUri"
+/// URI reference string.
+PackageConfig parsePackageConfigJson(
+    Object? json, Uri baseLocation, void Function(Object error) onError) {
+  if (!baseLocation.hasScheme || baseLocation.isScheme('package')) {
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(baseLocation.toString(), 'baseLocation',
+        'Must be an absolute non-package: URI');
+  }
+
+  if (!baseLocation.path.endsWith('/')) {
+    baseLocation = baseLocation.resolveUri(Uri(path: '.'));
+  }
+
+  String typeName<T>() {
+    if (0 is T) return 'int';
+    if ('' is T) return 'string';
+    if (const <Object?>[] is T) return 'array';
+    return 'object';
+  }
+
+  T? checkType<T>(Object? value, String name, [String? packageName]) {
+    if (value is T) return value;
+    // The only types we are called with are [int], [String], [List<Object?>]
+    // and Map<String, Object?>. Recognize which to give a better error message.
+    var message =
+        "$name${packageName != null ? " of package $packageName" : ""}"
+        ' is not a JSON ${typeName<T>()}';
+    onError(PackageConfigFormatException(message, value));
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  Package? parsePackage(Map<String, Object?> entry) {
+    String? name;
+    String? rootUri;
+    String? packageUri;
+    String? languageVersion;
+    Map<String, Object?>? extraData;
+    var hasName = false;
+    var hasRoot = false;
+    var hasVersion = false;
+    entry.forEach((key, value) {
+      switch (key) {
+        case _nameKey:
+          hasName = true;
+          name = checkType<String>(value, _nameKey);
+          break;
+        case _rootUriKey:
+          hasRoot = true;
+          rootUri = checkType<String>(value, _rootUriKey, name);
+          break;
+        case _packageUriKey:
+          packageUri = checkType<String>(value, _packageUriKey, name);
+          break;
+        case _languageVersionKey:
+          hasVersion = true;
+          languageVersion = checkType<String>(value, _languageVersionKey, name);
+          break;
+        default:
+          (extraData ??= {})[key] = value;
+          break;
+      }
+    });
+    if (!hasName) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException('Missing name entry', entry));
+    }
+    if (!hasRoot) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException('Missing rootUri entry', entry));
+    }
+    if (name == null || rootUri == null) return null;
+    var parsedRootUri = Uri.parse(rootUri!);
+    var relativeRoot = !hasAbsolutePath(parsedRootUri);
+    var root = baseLocation.resolveUri(parsedRootUri);
+    if (!root.path.endsWith('/')) root = root.replace(path: '${root.path}/');
+    var packageRoot = root;
+    if (packageUri != null) packageRoot = root.resolve(packageUri!);
+    if (!packageRoot.path.endsWith('/')) {
+      packageRoot = packageRoot.replace(path: '${packageRoot.path}/');
+    }
+
+    LanguageVersion? version;
+    if (languageVersion != null) {
+      version = parseLanguageVersion(languageVersion, onError);
+    } else if (hasVersion) {
+      version = SimpleInvalidLanguageVersion('invalid');
+    }
+
+    return SimplePackage.validate(
+        name!, root, packageRoot, version, extraData, relativeRoot, (error) {
+      if (error is ArgumentError) {
+        onError(
+          PackageConfigFormatException(
+              error.message.toString(), error.invalidValue),
+        );
+      } else {
+        onError(error);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  var map = checkType<Map<String, Object?>>(json, 'value');
+  if (map == null) return const SimplePackageConfig.empty();
+  Map<String, Object?>? extraData;
+  List<Package>? packageList;
+  int? configVersion;
+  map.forEach((key, value) {
+    switch (key) {
+      case _configVersionKey:
+        configVersion = checkType<int>(value, _configVersionKey) ?? 2;
+        break;
+      case _packagesKey:
+        var packageArray = checkType<List<Object?>>(value, _packagesKey) ?? [];
+        var packages = <Package>[];
+        for (var package in packageArray) {
+          var packageMap =
+              checkType<Map<String, Object?>>(package, 'package entry');
+          if (packageMap != null) {
+            var entry = parsePackage(packageMap);
+            if (entry != null) {
+              packages.add(entry);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        packageList = packages;
+        break;
+      default:
+        (extraData ??= {})[key] = value;
+        break;
+    }
+  });
+  if (configVersion == null) {
+    onError(PackageConfigFormatException('Missing configVersion entry', json));
+    configVersion = 2;
+  }
+  if (packageList == null) {
+    onError(PackageConfigFormatException('Missing packages list', json));
+    packageList = [];
+  }
+  return SimplePackageConfig(configVersion!, packageList!, extraData, (error) {
+    if (error is ArgumentError) {
+      onError(
+        PackageConfigFormatException(
+            error.message.toString(), error.invalidValue),
+      );
+    } else {
+      onError(error);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+final _jsonUtf8Encoder = JsonUtf8Encoder('  ');
+
+void writePackageConfigJsonUtf8(
+    PackageConfig config, Uri? baseUri, Sink<List<int>> output) {
+  // Can be optimized.
+  var data = packageConfigToJson(config, baseUri);
+  output.add(_jsonUtf8Encoder.convert(data) as Uint8List);
+}
+
+void writePackageConfigJsonString(
+    PackageConfig config, Uri? baseUri, StringSink output) {
+  // Can be optimized.
+  var data = packageConfigToJson(config, baseUri);
+  output.write(const JsonEncoder.withIndent('  ').convert(data));
+}
+
+Map<String, Object?> packageConfigToJson(PackageConfig config, Uri? baseUri) =>
+    <String, Object?>{
+      ...?_extractExtraData(config.extraData, _topNames),
+      _configVersionKey: PackageConfig.maxVersion,
+      _packagesKey: [
+        for (var package in config.packages)
+          <String, Object?>{
+            _nameKey: package.name,
+            _rootUriKey: trailingSlash((package.relativeRoot
+                    ? relativizeUri(package.root, baseUri)
+                    : package.root)
+                .toString()),
+            if (package.root != package.packageUriRoot)
+              _packageUriKey: trailingSlash(
+                  relativizeUri(package.packageUriRoot, package.root)
+                      .toString()),
+            if (package.languageVersion != null &&
+                package.languageVersion is! InvalidLanguageVersion)
+              _languageVersionKey: package.languageVersion.toString(),
+            ...?_extractExtraData(package.extraData, _packageNames),
+          }
+      ],
+    };
+
+void writeDotPackages(PackageConfig config, Uri baseUri, StringSink output) {
+  var extraData = config.extraData;
+  // Write .packages too.
+  String? comment;
+  if (extraData is Map<String, Object?>) {
+    var generator = extraData[_generatorKey];
+    if (generator is String) {
+      var generated = extraData[_generatedKey];
+      var generatorVersion = extraData[_generatorVersionKey];
+      comment = 'Generated by $generator'
+          "${generatorVersion is String ? " $generatorVersion" : ""}"
+          "${generated is String ? " on $generated" : ""}.";
+    }
+  }
+  packages_file.write(output, config, baseUri: baseUri, comment: comment);
+}
+
+/// If "extraData" is a JSON map, then return it, otherwise return null.
+///
+/// If the value contains any of the [reservedNames] for the current context,
+/// entries with that name in the extra data are dropped.
+Map<String, Object?>? _extractExtraData(
+    Object? data, Iterable<String> reservedNames) {
+  if (data is Map<String, Object?>) {
+    if (data.isEmpty) return null;
+    for (var name in reservedNames) {
+      if (data.containsKey(name)) {
+        var filteredData = {
+          for (var key in data.keys)
+            if (!reservedNames.contains(key)) key: data[key]
+        };
+        if (filteredData.isEmpty) return null;
+        for (var value in filteredData.values) {
+          if (!_validateJson(value)) return null;
+        }
+        return filteredData;
+      }
+    }
+    return data;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/// Checks that the object is a valid JSON-like data structure.
+bool _validateJson(Object? object) {
+  if (object == null || true == object || false == object) return true;
+  if (object is num || object is String) return true;
+  if (object is List<Object?>) {
+    return object.every(_validateJson);
+  }
+  if (object is Map<String, Object?>) {
+    return object.values.every(_validateJson);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/packages_file.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/packages_file.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf68f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/packages_file.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'errors.dart';
+import 'package_config_impl.dart';
+import 'util.dart';
+
+/// The language version prior to the release of language versioning.
+///
+/// This is the default language version used by all packages from a
+/// `.packages` file.
+final LanguageVersion _languageVersion = LanguageVersion(2, 7);
+
+/// Parses a `.packages` file into a [PackageConfig].
+///
+/// The [source] is the byte content of a `.packages` file, assumed to be
+/// UTF-8 encoded. In practice, all significant parts of the file must be ASCII,
+/// so Latin-1 or Windows-1252 encoding will also work fine.
+///
+/// If the file content is available as a string, its [String.codeUnits] can
+/// be used as the `source` argument of this function.
+///
+/// The [baseLocation] is used as a base URI to resolve all relative
+/// URI references against.
+/// If the content was read from a file, `baseLocation` should be the
+/// location of that file.
+///
+/// Returns a simple package configuration where each package's
+/// [Package.packageUriRoot] is the same as its [Package.root]
+/// and it has no [Package.languageVersion].
+PackageConfig parse(
+    List<int> source, Uri baseLocation, void Function(Object error) onError) {
+  if (baseLocation.isScheme('package')) {
+    onError(PackageConfigArgumentError(
+        baseLocation, 'baseLocation', 'Must not be a package: URI'));
+    return PackageConfig.empty;
+  }
+  var index = 0;
+  var packages = <Package>[];
+  var packageNames = <String>{};
+  while (index < source.length) {
+    var ignoreLine = false;
+    var start = index;
+    var separatorIndex = -1;
+    var end = source.length;
+    var char = source[index++];
+    if (char == $cr || char == $lf) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (char == $colon) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException(
+          'Missing package name', source, index - 1));
+      ignoreLine = true; // Ignore if package name is invalid.
+    } else {
+      ignoreLine = char == $hash; // Ignore if comment.
+    }
+    var queryStart = -1;
+    var fragmentStart = -1;
+    while (index < source.length) {
+      char = source[index++];
+      if (char == $colon && separatorIndex < 0) {
+        separatorIndex = index - 1;
+      } else if (char == $cr || char == $lf) {
+        end = index - 1;
+        break;
+      } else if (char == $question && queryStart < 0 && fragmentStart < 0) {
+        queryStart = index - 1;
+      } else if (char == $hash && fragmentStart < 0) {
+        fragmentStart = index - 1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (ignoreLine) continue;
+    if (separatorIndex < 0) {
+      onError(
+          PackageConfigFormatException("No ':' on line", source, index - 1));
+      continue;
+    }
+    var packageName = String.fromCharCodes(source, start, separatorIndex);
+    var invalidIndex = checkPackageName(packageName);
+    if (invalidIndex >= 0) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException(
+          'Not a valid package name', source, start + invalidIndex));
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (queryStart >= 0) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException(
+          'Location URI must not have query', source, queryStart));
+      end = queryStart;
+    } else if (fragmentStart >= 0) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException(
+          'Location URI must not have fragment', source, fragmentStart));
+      end = fragmentStart;
+    }
+    var packageValue = String.fromCharCodes(source, separatorIndex + 1, end);
+    Uri packageLocation;
+    try {
+      packageLocation = Uri.parse(packageValue);
+    } on FormatException catch (e) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException.from(e));
+      continue;
+    }
+    var relativeRoot = !hasAbsolutePath(packageLocation);
+    packageLocation = baseLocation.resolveUri(packageLocation);
+    if (packageLocation.isScheme('package')) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException(
+          'Package URI as location for package', source, separatorIndex + 1));
+      continue;
+    }
+    var path = packageLocation.path;
+    if (!path.endsWith('/')) {
+      path += '/';
+      packageLocation = packageLocation.replace(path: path);
+    }
+    if (packageNames.contains(packageName)) {
+      onError(PackageConfigFormatException(
+          'Same package name occurred more than once', source, start));
+      continue;
+    }
+    var rootUri = packageLocation;
+    if (path.endsWith('/lib/')) {
+      // Assume default Pub package layout. Include package itself in root.
+      rootUri =
+          packageLocation.replace(path: path.substring(0, path.length - 4));
+    }
+    var package = SimplePackage.validate(packageName, rootUri, packageLocation,
+        _languageVersion, null, relativeRoot, (error) {
+      if (error is ArgumentError) {
+        onError(PackageConfigFormatException(error.message.toString(), source));
+      } else {
+        onError(error);
+      }
+    });
+    if (package != null) {
+      packages.add(package);
+      packageNames.add(packageName);
+    }
+  }
+  return SimplePackageConfig(1, packages, null, onError);
+}
+
+/// Writes the configuration to a [StringSink].
+///
+/// If [comment] is provided, the output will contain this comment
+/// with `# ` in front of each line.
+/// Lines are defined as ending in line feed (`'\n'`). If the final
+/// line of the comment doesn't end in a line feed, one will be added.
+///
+/// If [baseUri] is provided, package locations will be made relative
+/// to the base URI, if possible, before writing.
+void write(StringSink output, PackageConfig config,
+    {Uri? baseUri, String? comment}) {
+  if (baseUri != null && !baseUri.isAbsolute) {
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(baseUri, 'baseUri', 'Must be absolute');
+  }
+
+  if (comment != null) {
+    var lines = comment.split('\n');
+    if (lines.last.isEmpty) lines.removeLast();
+    for (var commentLine in lines) {
+      output.write('# ');
+      output.writeln(commentLine);
+    }
+  } else {
+    output.write('# generated by package:package_config at ');
+    output.write(DateTime.now());
+    output.writeln();
+  }
+  for (var package in config.packages) {
+    var packageName = package.name;
+    var uri = package.packageUriRoot;
+    // Validate packageName.
+    if (!isValidPackageName(packageName)) {
+      throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+          config, 'config', '"$packageName" is not a valid package name');
+    }
+    if (uri.scheme == 'package') {
+      throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+          config, 'config', 'Package location must not be a package URI: $uri');
+    }
+    output.write(packageName);
+    output.write(':');
+    // If baseUri is provided, make the URI relative to baseUri.
+    if (baseUri != null) {
+      uri = relativizeUri(uri, baseUri)!;
+    }
+    if (!uri.path.endsWith('/')) {
+      uri = uri.replace(path: '${uri.path}/');
+    }
+    output.write(uri);
+    output.writeln();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/util.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/util.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f0210c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/util.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/// Utility methods used by more than one library in the package.
+library;
+
+import 'errors.dart';
+
+// All ASCII characters that are valid in a package name, with space
+// for all the invalid ones (including space).
+const String _validPackageNameCharacters =
+    r"                                 !  $ &'()*+,-. 0123456789 ; =  "
+    r'@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ    _ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz   ~ ';
+
+/// Tests whether something is a valid Dart package name.
+bool isValidPackageName(String string) {
+  return checkPackageName(string) < 0;
+}
+
+/// Check if a string is a valid package name.
+///
+/// Valid package names contain only characters in [_validPackageNameCharacters]
+/// and must contain at least one non-'.' character.
+///
+/// Returns `-1` if the string is valid.
+/// Otherwise returns the index of the first invalid character,
+/// or `string.length` if the string contains no non-'.' character.
+int checkPackageName(String string) {
+  // Becomes non-zero if any non-'.' character is encountered.
+  var nonDot = 0;
+  for (var i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
+    var c = string.codeUnitAt(i);
+    if (c > 0x7f || _validPackageNameCharacters.codeUnitAt(c) <= $space) {
+      return i;
+    }
+    nonDot += c ^ $dot;
+  }
+  if (nonDot == 0) return string.length;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/// Validate that a [Uri] is a valid `package:` URI.
+///
+/// Used to validate user input.
+///
+/// Returns the package name extracted from the package URI,
+/// which is the path segment between `package:` and the first `/`.
+String checkValidPackageUri(Uri packageUri, String name) {
+  if (packageUri.scheme != 'package') {
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(packageUri, name, 'Not a package: URI');
+  }
+  if (packageUri.hasAuthority) {
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+        packageUri, name, 'Package URIs must not have a host part');
+  }
+  if (packageUri.hasQuery) {
+    // A query makes no sense if resolved to a file: URI.
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+        packageUri, name, 'Package URIs must not have a query part');
+  }
+  if (packageUri.hasFragment) {
+    // We could leave the fragment after the URL when resolving,
+    // but it would be odd if "package:foo/foo.dart#1" and
+    // "package:foo/foo.dart#2" were considered different libraries.
+    // Keep the syntax open in case we ever get multiple libraries in one file.
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+        packageUri, name, 'Package URIs must not have a fragment part');
+  }
+  if (packageUri.path.startsWith('/')) {
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+        packageUri, name, "Package URIs must not start with a '/'");
+  }
+  var firstSlash = packageUri.path.indexOf('/');
+  if (firstSlash == -1) {
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(packageUri, name,
+        "Package URIs must start with the package name followed by a '/'");
+  }
+  var packageName = packageUri.path.substring(0, firstSlash);
+  var badIndex = checkPackageName(packageName);
+  if (badIndex >= 0) {
+    if (packageName.isEmpty) {
+      throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+          packageUri, name, 'Package names mus be non-empty');
+    }
+    if (badIndex == packageName.length) {
+      throw PackageConfigArgumentError(packageUri, name,
+          "Package names must contain at least one non-'.' character");
+    }
+    assert(badIndex < packageName.length);
+    var badCharCode = packageName.codeUnitAt(badIndex);
+    var badChar = 'U+${badCharCode.toRadixString(16).padLeft(4, '0')}';
+    if (badCharCode >= 0x20 && badCharCode <= 0x7e) {
+      // Printable character.
+      badChar = "'${packageName[badIndex]}' ($badChar)";
+    }
+    throw PackageConfigArgumentError(
+        packageUri, name, 'Package names must not contain $badChar');
+  }
+  return packageName;
+}
+
+/// Checks whether URI is just an absolute directory.
+///
+/// * It must have a scheme.
+/// * It must not have a query or fragment.
+/// * The path must end with `/`.
+bool isAbsoluteDirectoryUri(Uri uri) {
+  if (uri.hasQuery) return false;
+  if (uri.hasFragment) return false;
+  if (!uri.hasScheme) return false;
+  var path = uri.path;
+  if (!path.endsWith('/')) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/// Whether the former URI is a prefix of the latter.
+bool isUriPrefix(Uri prefix, Uri path) {
+  assert(!prefix.hasFragment);
+  assert(!prefix.hasQuery);
+  assert(!path.hasQuery);
+  assert(!path.hasFragment);
+  assert(prefix.path.endsWith('/'));
+  return path.toString().startsWith(prefix.toString());
+}
+
+/// Finds the first non-JSON-whitespace character in a file.
+///
+/// Used to heuristically detect whether a file is a JSON file or an .ini file.
+int firstNonWhitespaceChar(List<int> bytes) {
+  for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+    var char = bytes[i];
+    if (char != 0x20 && char != 0x09 && char != 0x0a && char != 0x0d) {
+      return char;
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/// Appends a trailing `/` if the path doesn't end with one.
+String trailingSlash(String path) {
+  if (path.isEmpty || path.endsWith('/')) return path;
+  return '$path/';
+}
+
+/// Whether a URI should not be considered relative to the base URI.
+///
+/// Used to determine whether a parsed root URI is relative
+/// to the configuration file or not.
+/// If it is relative, then it's rewritten as relative when
+/// output again later. If not, it's output as absolute.
+bool hasAbsolutePath(Uri uri) =>
+    uri.hasScheme || uri.hasAuthority || uri.hasAbsolutePath;
+
+/// Attempts to return a relative path-only URI for [uri].
+///
+/// First removes any query or fragment part from [uri].
+///
+/// If [uri] is already relative (has no scheme), it's returned as-is.
+/// If that is not desired, the caller can pass `baseUri.resolveUri(uri)`
+/// as the [uri] instead.
+///
+/// If the [uri] has a scheme or authority part which differs from
+/// the [baseUri], or if there is no overlap in the paths of the
+/// two URIs at all, the [uri] is returned as-is.
+///
+/// Otherwise the result is a path-only URI which satisfies
+/// `baseUri.resolveUri(result) == uri`,
+///
+/// The `baseUri` must be absolute.
+Uri? relativizeUri(Uri? uri, Uri? baseUri) {
+  if (baseUri == null) return uri;
+  assert(baseUri.isAbsolute);
+  if (uri!.hasQuery || uri.hasFragment) {
+    uri = Uri(
+        scheme: uri.scheme,
+        userInfo: uri.hasAuthority ? uri.userInfo : null,
+        host: uri.hasAuthority ? uri.host : null,
+        port: uri.hasAuthority ? uri.port : null,
+        path: uri.path);
+  }
+
+  // Already relative. We assume the caller knows what they are doing.
+  if (!uri.isAbsolute) return uri;
+
+  if (baseUri.scheme != uri.scheme) {
+    return uri;
+  }
+
+  // If authority differs, we could remove the scheme, but it's not worth it.
+  if (uri.hasAuthority != baseUri.hasAuthority) return uri;
+  if (uri.hasAuthority) {
+    if (uri.userInfo != baseUri.userInfo ||
+        uri.host.toLowerCase() != baseUri.host.toLowerCase() ||
+        uri.port != baseUri.port) {
+      return uri;
+    }
+  }
+
+  baseUri = baseUri.normalizePath();
+  var base = [...baseUri.pathSegments];
+  if (base.isNotEmpty) base.removeLast();
+  uri = uri.normalizePath();
+  var target = [...uri.pathSegments];
+  if (target.isNotEmpty && target.last.isEmpty) target.removeLast();
+  var index = 0;
+  while (index < base.length && index < target.length) {
+    if (base[index] != target[index]) {
+      break;
+    }
+    index++;
+  }
+  if (index == base.length) {
+    if (index == target.length) {
+      return Uri(path: './');
+    }
+    return Uri(path: target.skip(index).join('/'));
+  } else if (index > 0) {
+    var buffer = StringBuffer();
+    for (var n = base.length - index; n > 0; --n) {
+      buffer.write('../');
+    }
+    buffer.writeAll(target.skip(index), '/');
+    return Uri(path: buffer.toString());
+  } else {
+    return uri;
+  }
+}
+
+// Character constants used by this package.
+/// "Line feed" control character.
+const int $lf = 0x0a;
+
+/// "Carriage return" control character.
+const int $cr = 0x0d;
+
+/// Space character.
+const int $space = 0x20;
+
+/// Character `#`.
+const int $hash = 0x23;
+
+/// Character `.`.
+const int $dot = 0x2e;
+
+/// Character `:`.
+const int $colon = 0x3a;
+
+/// Character `?`.
+const int $question = 0x3f;
+
+/// Character `{`.
+const int $lbrace = 0x7b;
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/util_io.dart b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/util_io.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4680eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/lib/src/util_io.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/// Utility methods requiring dart:io and used by more than one library in the
+/// package.
+library;
+
+import 'dart:io';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+Future<Uint8List?> defaultLoader(Uri uri) async {
+  if (uri.isScheme('file')) {
+    var file = File.fromUri(uri);
+    try {
+      return await file.readAsBytes();
+    } catch (_) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+  if (uri.isScheme('http') || uri.isScheme('https')) {
+    return _httpGet(uri);
+  }
+  throw UnsupportedError('Default URI unsupported scheme: $uri');
+}
+
+Future<Uint8List?> _httpGet(Uri uri) async {
+  assert(uri.isScheme('http') || uri.isScheme('https'));
+  var client = HttpClient();
+  var request = await client.getUrl(uri);
+  var response = await request.close();
+  if (response.statusCode != HttpStatus.ok) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  var splitContent = await response.toList();
+  var totalLength = 0;
+  if (splitContent.length == 1) {
+    var part = splitContent[0];
+    if (part is Uint8List) {
+      return part;
+    }
+  }
+  for (var list in splitContent) {
+    totalLength += list.length;
+  }
+  var result = Uint8List(totalLength);
+  var offset = 0;
+  for (var contentPart in splitContent as Iterable<Uint8List>) {
+    result.setRange(offset, offset + contentPart.length, contentPart);
+    offset += contentPart.length;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/// The file name of a path.
+///
+/// The file name is everything after the last occurrence of
+/// [Platform.pathSeparator], or the entire string if no
+/// path separator occurs in the string.
+String fileName(String path) {
+  var separator = Platform.pathSeparator;
+  var lastSeparator = path.lastIndexOf(separator);
+  if (lastSeparator < 0) return path;
+  return path.substring(lastSeparator + separator.length);
+}
+
+/// The directory name of a path.
+///
+/// The directory name is everything before the last occurrence of
+/// [Platform.pathSeparator], or the empty string if no
+/// path separator occurs in the string.
+String dirName(String path) {
+  var separator = Platform.pathSeparator;
+  var lastSeparator = path.lastIndexOf(separator);
+  if (lastSeparator < 0) return '';
+  return path.substring(0, lastSeparator);
+}
+
+/// Join path parts with the [Platform.pathSeparator].
+///
+/// If a part ends with a path separator, then no extra separator is
+/// inserted.
+String pathJoin(String part1, String part2, [String? part3]) {
+  var separator = Platform.pathSeparator;
+  var separator1 = part1.endsWith(separator) ? '' : separator;
+  if (part3 == null) {
+    return '$part1$separator1$part2';
+  }
+  var separator2 = part2.endsWith(separator) ? '' : separator;
+  return '$part1$separator1$part2$separator2$part3';
+}
+
+/// Join an unknown number of path parts with [Platform.pathSeparator].
+///
+/// If a part ends with a path separator, then no extra separator is
+/// inserted.
+String pathJoinAll(Iterable<String> parts) {
+  var buffer = StringBuffer();
+  var separator = '';
+  for (var part in parts) {
+    buffer
+      ..write(separator)
+      ..write(part);
+    separator =
+        part.endsWith(Platform.pathSeparator) ? '' : Platform.pathSeparator;
+  }
+  return buffer.toString();
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/pubspec.yaml b/pkgs/package_config/pubspec.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..545701d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/pubspec.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: package_config
+version: 2.1.1-wip
+description: Support for reading and writing Dart Package Configuration files.
+repository: https://github.com/dart-lang/package_config
+
+environment:
+  sdk: ^3.4.0
+
+dependencies:
+  path: ^1.8.0
+
+dev_dependencies:
+  dart_flutter_team_lints: ^3.0.0
+  test: ^1.16.0
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/test/bench.dart b/pkgs/package_config/test/bench.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8428481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/test/bench.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2021, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'package:package_config/src/errors.dart';
+import 'package:package_config/src/package_config_json.dart';
+
+void bench(final int size, final bool doPrint) {
+  var sb = StringBuffer();
+  sb.writeln('{');
+  sb.writeln('"configVersion": 2,');
+  sb.writeln('"packages": [');
+  for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    if (i != 0) {
+      sb.writeln(',');
+    }
+    sb.writeln('{');
+    sb.writeln('  "name": "p_$i",');
+    sb.writeln('  "rootUri": "file:///p_$i/",');
+    sb.writeln('  "packageUri": "lib/",');
+    sb.writeln('  "languageVersion": "2.5",');
+    sb.writeln('  "nonstandard": true');
+    sb.writeln('}');
+  }
+  sb.writeln('],');
+  sb.writeln('"generator": "pub",');
+  sb.writeln('"other": [42]');
+  sb.writeln('}');
+  var stopwatch = Stopwatch()..start();
+  var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(
+    // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+    utf8.encode(sb.toString()) as Uint8List,
+    Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'),
+    throwError,
+  );
+  final read = stopwatch.elapsedMilliseconds;
+
+  stopwatch.reset();
+  for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    if (config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///p_$i/lib/src/foo.dart'))!.name !=
+        'p_$i') {
+      throw StateError('Unexpected result!');
+    }
+  }
+  final lookup = stopwatch.elapsedMilliseconds;
+
+  if (doPrint) {
+    print('Read file with $size packages in $read ms, '
+        'looked up all packages in $lookup ms');
+  }
+}
+
+void main(List<String> args) {
+  if (args.length != 1 && args.length != 2) {
+    throw ArgumentError('Expects arguments: <size> <warmup iterations>?');
+  }
+  final size = int.parse(args[0]);
+  if (args.length > 1) {
+    final warmups = int.parse(args[1]);
+    print('Performing $warmups warmup iterations.');
+    for (var i = 0; i < warmups; i++) {
+      bench(10, false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Benchmark.
+  bench(size, true);
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/test/discovery_test.dart b/pkgs/package_config/test/discovery_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d1b655
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/test/discovery_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+@TestOn('vm')
+library;
+
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'package:package_config/package_config.dart';
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+
+import 'src/util.dart';
+import 'src/util_io.dart';
+
+const packagesFile = '''
+# A comment
+foo:file:///dart/packages/foo/
+bar:/dart/packages/bar/
+baz:packages/baz/
+''';
+
+const packageConfigFile = '''
+{
+  "configVersion": 2,
+  "packages": [
+    {
+      "name": "foo",
+      "rootUri": "file:///dart/packages/foo/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "bar",
+      "rootUri": "/dart/packages/bar/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "baz",
+      "rootUri": "../packages/baz/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "extra": [42]
+}
+''';
+
+void validatePackagesFile(PackageConfig resolver, Directory directory) {
+  expect(resolver, isNotNull);
+  expect(resolver.resolve(pkg('foo', 'bar/baz')),
+      equals(Uri.parse('file:///dart/packages/foo/bar/baz')));
+  expect(resolver.resolve(pkg('bar', 'baz/qux')),
+      equals(Uri.parse('file:///dart/packages/bar/baz/qux')));
+  expect(resolver.resolve(pkg('baz', 'qux/foo')),
+      equals(Uri.directory(directory.path).resolve('packages/baz/qux/foo')));
+  expect([for (var p in resolver.packages) p.name],
+      unorderedEquals(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']));
+}
+
+void main() {
+  group('findPackages', () {
+    // Finds package_config.json if there.
+    fileTest('package_config.json', {
+      '.packages': 'invalid .packages file',
+      'script.dart': 'main(){}',
+      'packages': {'shouldNotBeFound': <Never, Never>{}},
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+      }
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfig(directory))!;
+      expect(config.version, 2); // Found package_config.json file.
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    // Finds .packages if no package_config.json.
+    fileTest('.packages', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      'script.dart': 'main(){}',
+      'packages': {'shouldNotBeFound': <Object, Object>{}}
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfig(directory))!;
+      expect(config.version, 1); // Found .packages file.
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    // Finds package_config.json in super-directory.
+    fileTest('package_config.json recursive', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+      'subdir': {
+        'script.dart': 'main(){}',
+      }
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfig(subdir(directory, 'subdir/')))!;
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    // Finds .packages in super-directory.
+    fileTest('.packages recursive', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      'subdir': {'script.dart': 'main(){}'}
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfig(subdir(directory, 'subdir/')))!;
+      expect(config.version, 1);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    // Does not find a packages/ directory, and returns null if nothing found.
+    fileTest('package directory packages not supported', {
+      'packages': {
+        'foo': <String, dynamic>{},
+      }
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var config = await findPackageConfig(directory);
+      expect(config, null);
+    });
+
+    group('throws', () {
+      fileTest('invalid .packages', {
+        '.packages': 'not a .packages file',
+      }, (Directory directory) {
+        expect(findPackageConfig(directory), throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+      });
+
+      fileTest('invalid .packages as JSON', {
+        '.packages': packageConfigFile,
+      }, (Directory directory) {
+        expect(findPackageConfig(directory), throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+      });
+
+      fileTest('invalid .packages', {
+        '.dart_tool': {
+          'package_config.json': 'not a JSON file',
+        }
+      }, (Directory directory) {
+        expect(findPackageConfig(directory), throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+      });
+
+      fileTest('invalid .packages as INI', {
+        '.dart_tool': {
+          'package_config.json': packagesFile,
+        }
+      }, (Directory directory) {
+        expect(findPackageConfig(directory), throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+      });
+    });
+
+    group('handles error', () {
+      fileTest('invalid .packages', {
+        '.packages': 'not a .packages file',
+      }, (Directory directory) async {
+        var hadError = false;
+        await findPackageConfig(directory,
+            onError: expectAsync1((error) {
+              hadError = true;
+              expect(error, isA<FormatException>());
+            }, max: -1));
+        expect(hadError, true);
+      });
+
+      fileTest('invalid .packages as JSON', {
+        '.packages': packageConfigFile,
+      }, (Directory directory) async {
+        var hadError = false;
+        await findPackageConfig(directory,
+            onError: expectAsync1((error) {
+              hadError = true;
+              expect(error, isA<FormatException>());
+            }, max: -1));
+        expect(hadError, true);
+      });
+
+      fileTest('invalid package_config not JSON', {
+        '.dart_tool': {
+          'package_config.json': 'not a JSON file',
+        }
+      }, (Directory directory) async {
+        var hadError = false;
+        await findPackageConfig(directory,
+            onError: expectAsync1((error) {
+              hadError = true;
+              expect(error, isA<FormatException>());
+            }, max: -1));
+        expect(hadError, true);
+      });
+
+      fileTest('invalid package config as INI', {
+        '.dart_tool': {
+          'package_config.json': packagesFile,
+        }
+      }, (Directory directory) async {
+        var hadError = false;
+        await findPackageConfig(directory,
+            onError: expectAsync1((error) {
+              hadError = true;
+              expect(error, isA<FormatException>());
+            }, max: -1));
+        expect(hadError, true);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Does not find .packages if no package_config.json and minVersion > 1.
+    fileTest('.packages ignored', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      'script.dart': 'main(){}'
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var config = await findPackageConfig(directory, minVersion: 2);
+      expect(config, null);
+    });
+
+    // Finds package_config.json in super-directory, with .packages in
+    // subdir and minVersion > 1.
+    fileTest('package_config.json recursive .packages ignored', {
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+      'subdir': {
+        '.packages': packagesFile,
+        'script.dart': 'main(){}',
+      }
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfig(subdir(directory, 'subdir/'),
+          minVersion: 2))!;
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('loadPackageConfig', () {
+    // Load a specific files
+    group('package_config.json', () {
+      var files = {
+        '.packages': packagesFile,
+        '.dart_tool': {
+          'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+        },
+      };
+      fileTest('directly', files, (Directory directory) async {
+        var file =
+            dirFile(subdir(directory, '.dart_tool'), 'package_config.json');
+        var config = await loadPackageConfig(file);
+        expect(config.version, 2);
+        validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+      });
+      fileTest('indirectly through .packages', files,
+          (Directory directory) async {
+        var file = dirFile(directory, '.packages');
+        var config = await loadPackageConfig(file);
+        expect(config.version, 2);
+        validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+      });
+      fileTest('prefer .packages', files, (Directory directory) async {
+        var file = dirFile(directory, '.packages');
+        var config = await loadPackageConfig(file, preferNewest: false);
+        expect(config.version, 1);
+        validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+      });
+    });
+
+    fileTest('package_config.json non-default name', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      'subdir': {
+        'pheldagriff': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var file = dirFile(directory, 'subdir/pheldagriff');
+      var config = await loadPackageConfig(file);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    fileTest('package_config.json named .packages', {
+      'subdir': {
+        '.packages': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var file = dirFile(directory, 'subdir/.packages');
+      var config = await loadPackageConfig(file);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    fileTest('.packages', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var file = dirFile(directory, '.packages');
+      var config = await loadPackageConfig(file);
+      expect(config.version, 1);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    fileTest('.packages non-default name', {
+      'pheldagriff': packagesFile,
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var file = dirFile(directory, 'pheldagriff');
+      var config = await loadPackageConfig(file);
+      expect(config.version, 1);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    fileTest('no config found', {}, (Directory directory) {
+      var file = dirFile(directory, 'anyname');
+      expect(
+          () => loadPackageConfig(file), throwsA(isA<FileSystemException>()));
+    });
+
+    fileTest('no config found, handled', {}, (Directory directory) async {
+      var file = dirFile(directory, 'anyname');
+      var hadError = false;
+      await loadPackageConfig(file,
+          onError: expectAsync1((error) {
+            hadError = true;
+            expect(error, isA<FileSystemException>());
+          }, max: -1));
+      expect(hadError, true);
+    });
+
+    fileTest('specified file syntax error', {
+      'anyname': 'syntax error',
+    }, (Directory directory) {
+      var file = dirFile(directory, 'anyname');
+      expect(() => loadPackageConfig(file), throwsFormatException);
+    });
+
+    // Find package_config.json in subdir even if initial file syntax error.
+    fileTest('specified file syntax onError', {
+      '.packages': 'syntax error',
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+    }, (Directory directory) async {
+      var file = dirFile(directory, '.packages');
+      var config = await loadPackageConfig(file);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    // A file starting with `{` is a package_config.json file.
+    fileTest('file syntax error with {', {
+      '.packages': '{syntax error',
+    }, (Directory directory) {
+      var file = dirFile(directory, '.packages');
+      expect(() => loadPackageConfig(file), throwsFormatException);
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/test/discovery_uri_test.dart b/pkgs/package_config/test/discovery_uri_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..542bf0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/test/discovery_uri_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+@TestOn('vm')
+library;
+
+import 'package:package_config/package_config.dart';
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+
+import 'src/util.dart';
+
+const packagesFile = '''
+# A comment
+foo:file:///dart/packages/foo/
+bar:/dart/packages/bar/
+baz:packages/baz/
+''';
+
+const packageConfigFile = '''
+{
+  "configVersion": 2,
+  "packages": [
+    {
+      "name": "foo",
+      "rootUri": "file:///dart/packages/foo/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "bar",
+      "rootUri": "/dart/packages/bar/"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "baz",
+      "rootUri": "../packages/baz/"
+    }
+  ],
+  "extra": [42]
+}
+''';
+
+void validatePackagesFile(PackageConfig resolver, Uri directory) {
+  expect(resolver, isNotNull);
+  expect(resolver.resolve(pkg('foo', 'bar/baz')),
+      equals(Uri.parse('file:///dart/packages/foo/bar/baz')));
+  expect(resolver.resolve(pkg('bar', 'baz/qux')),
+      equals(directory.resolve('/dart/packages/bar/baz/qux')));
+  expect(resolver.resolve(pkg('baz', 'qux/foo')),
+      equals(directory.resolve('packages/baz/qux/foo')));
+  expect([for (var p in resolver.packages) p.name],
+      unorderedEquals(['foo', 'bar', 'baz']));
+}
+
+void main() {
+  group('findPackages', () {
+    // Finds package_config.json if there.
+    loaderTest('package_config.json', {
+      '.packages': 'invalid .packages file',
+      'script.dart': 'main(){}',
+      'packages': {'shouldNotBeFound': <String, dynamic>{}},
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+      }
+    }, (directory, loader) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfigUri(directory, loader: loader))!;
+      expect(config.version, 2); // Found package_config.json file.
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    // Finds .packages if no package_config.json.
+    loaderTest('.packages', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      'script.dart': 'main(){}',
+      'packages': {'shouldNotBeFound': <String, dynamic>{}}
+    }, (directory, loader) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfigUri(directory, loader: loader))!;
+      expect(config.version, 1); // Found .packages file.
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    // Finds package_config.json in super-directory.
+    loaderTest('package_config.json recursive', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+      'subdir': {
+        'script.dart': 'main(){}',
+      }
+    }, (directory, loader) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfigUri(directory.resolve('subdir/'),
+          loader: loader))!;
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    // Finds .packages in super-directory.
+    loaderTest('.packages recursive', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      'subdir': {'script.dart': 'main(){}'}
+    }, (directory, loader) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfigUri(directory.resolve('subdir/'),
+          loader: loader))!;
+      expect(config.version, 1);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    // Does not find a packages/ directory, and returns null if nothing found.
+    loaderTest('package directory packages not supported', {
+      'packages': {
+        'foo': <String, dynamic>{},
+      }
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) async {
+      var config = await findPackageConfigUri(directory, loader: loader);
+      expect(config, null);
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('invalid .packages', {
+      '.packages': 'not a .packages file',
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) {
+      expect(() => findPackageConfigUri(directory, loader: loader),
+          throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('invalid .packages as JSON', {
+      '.packages': packageConfigFile,
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) {
+      expect(() => findPackageConfigUri(directory, loader: loader),
+          throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('invalid .packages', {
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': 'not a JSON file',
+      }
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) {
+      expect(() => findPackageConfigUri(directory, loader: loader),
+          throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('invalid .packages as INI', {
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': packagesFile,
+      }
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) {
+      expect(() => findPackageConfigUri(directory, loader: loader),
+          throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+    });
+
+    // Does not find .packages if no package_config.json and minVersion > 1.
+    loaderTest('.packages ignored', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      'script.dart': 'main(){}'
+    }, (directory, loader) async {
+      var config =
+          await findPackageConfigUri(directory, minVersion: 2, loader: loader);
+      expect(config, null);
+    });
+
+    // Finds package_config.json in super-directory, with .packages in
+    // subdir and minVersion > 1.
+    loaderTest('package_config.json recursive ignores .packages', {
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+      'subdir': {
+        '.packages': packagesFile,
+        'script.dart': 'main(){}',
+      }
+    }, (directory, loader) async {
+      var config = (await findPackageConfigUri(directory.resolve('subdir/'),
+          minVersion: 2, loader: loader))!;
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('loadPackageConfig', () {
+    // Load a specific files
+    group('package_config.json', () {
+      var files = {
+        '.packages': packagesFile,
+        '.dart_tool': {
+          'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+        },
+      };
+      loaderTest('directly', files, (Uri directory, loader) async {
+        var file = directory.resolve('.dart_tool/package_config.json');
+        var config = await loadPackageConfigUri(file, loader: loader);
+        expect(config.version, 2);
+        validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+      });
+      loaderTest('indirectly through .packages', files,
+          (Uri directory, loader) async {
+        var file = directory.resolve('.packages');
+        var config = await loadPackageConfigUri(file, loader: loader);
+        expect(config.version, 2);
+        validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+      });
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('package_config.json non-default name', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+      'subdir': {
+        'pheldagriff': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) async {
+      var file = directory.resolve('subdir/pheldagriff');
+      var config = await loadPackageConfigUri(file, loader: loader);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('package_config.json named .packages', {
+      'subdir': {
+        '.packages': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) async {
+      var file = directory.resolve('subdir/.packages');
+      var config = await loadPackageConfigUri(file, loader: loader);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('.packages', {
+      '.packages': packagesFile,
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) async {
+      var file = directory.resolve('.packages');
+      var config = await loadPackageConfigUri(file, loader: loader);
+      expect(config.version, 1);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('.packages non-default name', {
+      'pheldagriff': packagesFile,
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) async {
+      var file = directory.resolve('pheldagriff');
+      var config = await loadPackageConfigUri(file, loader: loader);
+      expect(config.version, 1);
+      validatePackagesFile(config, directory);
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('no config found', {}, (Uri directory, loader) {
+      var file = directory.resolve('anyname');
+      expect(() => loadPackageConfigUri(file, loader: loader),
+          throwsA(isA<ArgumentError>()));
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('no config found, handle error', {},
+        (Uri directory, loader) async {
+      var file = directory.resolve('anyname');
+      var hadError = false;
+      await loadPackageConfigUri(file,
+          loader: loader,
+          onError: expectAsync1((error) {
+            hadError = true;
+            expect(error, isA<ArgumentError>());
+          }, max: -1));
+      expect(hadError, true);
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('specified file syntax error', {
+      'anyname': 'syntax error',
+    }, (Uri directory, loader) {
+      var file = directory.resolve('anyname');
+      expect(() => loadPackageConfigUri(file, loader: loader),
+          throwsFormatException);
+    });
+
+    loaderTest('specified file syntax onError', {
+      'anyname': 'syntax error',
+    }, (directory, loader) async {
+      var file = directory.resolve('anyname');
+      var hadError = false;
+      await loadPackageConfigUri(file,
+          loader: loader,
+          onError: expectAsync1((error) {
+            hadError = true;
+            expect(error, isA<FormatException>());
+          }, max: -1));
+      expect(hadError, true);
+    });
+
+    // Don't look for package_config.json if original file not named .packages.
+    loaderTest('specified file syntax error with alternative', {
+      'anyname': 'syntax error',
+      '.dart_tool': {
+        'package_config.json': packageConfigFile,
+      },
+    }, (directory, loader) async {
+      var file = directory.resolve('anyname');
+      expect(() => loadPackageConfigUri(file, loader: loader),
+          throwsFormatException);
+    });
+
+    // A file starting with `{` is a package_config.json file.
+    loaderTest('file syntax error with {', {
+      '.packages': '{syntax error',
+    }, (directory, loader) async {
+      var file = directory.resolve('.packages');
+      var hadError = false;
+      await loadPackageConfigUri(file,
+          loader: loader,
+          onError: expectAsync1((error) {
+            hadError = true;
+            expect(error, isA<FormatException>());
+          }, max: -1));
+      expect(hadError, true);
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/test/package_config_impl_test.dart b/pkgs/package_config/test/package_config_impl_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f39963
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/test/package_config_impl_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:convert' show jsonDecode;
+
+import 'package:package_config/package_config_types.dart';
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+import 'src/util.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  var unique = Object();
+  var root = Uri.file('/tmp/root/');
+
+  group('LanguageVersion', () {
+    test('minimal', () {
+      var version = LanguageVersion(3, 5);
+      expect(version.major, 3);
+      expect(version.minor, 5);
+    });
+
+    test('negative major', () {
+      expect(() => LanguageVersion(-1, 1), throwsArgumentError);
+    });
+
+    test('negative minor', () {
+      expect(() => LanguageVersion(1, -1), throwsArgumentError);
+    });
+
+    test('minimal parse', () {
+      var version = LanguageVersion.parse('3.5');
+      expect(version.major, 3);
+      expect(version.minor, 5);
+    });
+
+    void failParse(String name, String input) {
+      test('$name - error', () {
+        expect(() => LanguageVersion.parse(input),
+            throwsA(isA<PackageConfigError>()));
+        expect(() => LanguageVersion.parse(input), throwsFormatException);
+        var failed = false;
+        var actual = LanguageVersion.parse(input, onError: (_) {
+          failed = true;
+        });
+        expect(failed, true);
+        expect(actual, isA<LanguageVersion>());
+      });
+    }
+
+    failParse('Leading zero major', '01.1');
+    failParse('Leading zero minor', '1.01');
+    failParse('Sign+ major', '+1.1');
+    failParse('Sign- major', '-1.1');
+    failParse('Sign+ minor', '1.+1');
+    failParse('Sign- minor', '1.-1');
+    failParse('WhiteSpace 1', ' 1.1');
+    failParse('WhiteSpace 2', '1 .1');
+    failParse('WhiteSpace 3', '1. 1');
+    failParse('WhiteSpace 4', '1.1 ');
+  });
+
+  group('Package', () {
+    test('minimal', () {
+      var package = Package('name', root, extraData: unique);
+      expect(package.name, 'name');
+      expect(package.root, root);
+      expect(package.packageUriRoot, root);
+      expect(package.languageVersion, null);
+      expect(package.extraData, same(unique));
+    });
+
+    test('absolute package root', () {
+      var version = LanguageVersion(1, 1);
+      var absolute = root.resolve('foo/bar/');
+      var package = Package('name', root,
+          packageUriRoot: absolute,
+          relativeRoot: false,
+          languageVersion: version,
+          extraData: unique);
+      expect(package.name, 'name');
+      expect(package.root, root);
+      expect(package.packageUriRoot, absolute);
+      expect(package.languageVersion, version);
+      expect(package.extraData, same(unique));
+      expect(package.relativeRoot, false);
+    });
+
+    test('relative package root', () {
+      var relative = Uri.parse('foo/bar/');
+      var absolute = root.resolveUri(relative);
+      var package = Package('name', root,
+          packageUriRoot: relative, relativeRoot: true, extraData: unique);
+      expect(package.name, 'name');
+      expect(package.root, root);
+      expect(package.packageUriRoot, absolute);
+      expect(package.relativeRoot, true);
+      expect(package.languageVersion, null);
+      expect(package.extraData, same(unique));
+    });
+
+    for (var badName in ['a/z', 'a:z', '', '...']) {
+      test("Invalid name '$badName'", () {
+        expect(() => Package(badName, root), throwsPackageConfigError);
+      });
+    }
+
+    test('Invalid root, not absolute', () {
+      expect(
+          () => Package('name', Uri.parse('/foo/')), throwsPackageConfigError);
+    });
+
+    test('Invalid root, not ending in slash', () {
+      expect(() => Package('name', Uri.parse('file:///foo')),
+          throwsPackageConfigError);
+    });
+
+    test('invalid package root, not ending in slash', () {
+      expect(() => Package('name', root, packageUriRoot: Uri.parse('foo')),
+          throwsPackageConfigError);
+    });
+
+    test('invalid package root, not inside root', () {
+      expect(() => Package('name', root, packageUriRoot: Uri.parse('../baz/')),
+          throwsPackageConfigError);
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('package config', () {
+    test('empty', () {
+      var empty = PackageConfig([], extraData: unique);
+      expect(empty.version, 2);
+      expect(empty.packages, isEmpty);
+      expect(empty.extraData, same(unique));
+      expect(empty.resolve(pkg('a', 'b')), isNull);
+    });
+
+    test('single', () {
+      var package = Package('name', root);
+      var single = PackageConfig([package], extraData: unique);
+      expect(single.version, 2);
+      expect(single.packages, hasLength(1));
+      expect(single.extraData, same(unique));
+      expect(single.resolve(pkg('a', 'b')), isNull);
+      var resolved = single.resolve(pkg('name', 'a/b'));
+      expect(resolved, root.resolve('a/b'));
+    });
+  });
+  test('writeString', () {
+    var config = PackageConfig([
+      Package('foo', Uri.parse('file:///pkg/foo/'),
+          packageUriRoot: Uri.parse('file:///pkg/foo/lib/'),
+          relativeRoot: false,
+          languageVersion: LanguageVersion(2, 4),
+          extraData: {'foo': 'foo!'}),
+      Package('bar', Uri.parse('file:///pkg/bar/'),
+          packageUriRoot: Uri.parse('file:///pkg/bar/lib/'),
+          relativeRoot: true,
+          extraData: {'bar': 'bar!'}),
+    ], extraData: {
+      'extra': 'data'
+    });
+    var buffer = StringBuffer();
+    PackageConfig.writeString(config, buffer, Uri.parse('file:///pkg/'));
+    var text = buffer.toString();
+    var json = jsonDecode(text); // Is valid JSON.
+    expect(json, {
+      'configVersion': 2,
+      'packages': unorderedEquals([
+        {
+          'name': 'foo',
+          'rootUri': 'file:///pkg/foo/',
+          'packageUri': 'lib/',
+          'languageVersion': '2.4',
+          'foo': 'foo!',
+        },
+        {
+          'name': 'bar',
+          'rootUri': 'bar/',
+          'packageUri': 'lib/',
+          'bar': 'bar!',
+        },
+      ]),
+      'extra': 'data',
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+final Matcher throwsPackageConfigError = throwsA(isA<PackageConfigError>());
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/test/parse_test.dart b/pkgs/package_config/test/parse_test.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a92b9bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/test/parse_test.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,552 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'package:package_config/package_config_types.dart';
+import 'package:package_config/src/errors.dart';
+import 'package:package_config/src/package_config_json.dart';
+import 'package:package_config/src/packages_file.dart' as packages;
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+
+import 'src/util.dart';
+
+void main() {
+  group('.packages', () {
+    test('valid', () {
+      var packagesFile = '# Generated by pub yadda yadda\n'
+          'foo:file:///foo/lib/\n'
+          'bar:/bar/lib/\n'
+          'baz:lib/\n';
+      var result = packages.parse(utf8.encode(packagesFile),
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/file.dart'), throwError);
+      expect(result.version, 1);
+      expect({for (var p in result.packages) p.name}, {'foo', 'bar', 'baz'});
+      expect(result.resolve(pkg('foo', 'foo.dart')),
+          Uri.parse('file:///foo/lib/foo.dart'));
+      expect(result.resolve(pkg('bar', 'bar.dart')),
+          Uri.parse('file:///bar/lib/bar.dart'));
+      expect(result.resolve(pkg('baz', 'baz.dart')),
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/lib/baz.dart'));
+
+      var foo = result['foo']!;
+      expect(foo, isNotNull);
+      expect(foo.root, Uri.parse('file:///foo/'));
+      expect(foo.packageUriRoot, Uri.parse('file:///foo/lib/'));
+      expect(foo.languageVersion, LanguageVersion(2, 7));
+      expect(foo.relativeRoot, false);
+    });
+
+    test('valid empty', () {
+      var packagesFile = '# Generated by pub yadda yadda\n';
+      var result = packages.parse(
+          utf8.encode(packagesFile), Uri.file('/tmp/file.dart'), throwError);
+      expect(result.version, 1);
+      expect({for (var p in result.packages) p.name}, <String>{});
+    });
+
+    group('invalid', () {
+      var baseFile = Uri.file('/tmp/file.dart');
+      void testThrows(String name, String content) {
+        test(name, () {
+          expect(
+              () => packages.parse(utf8.encode(content), baseFile, throwError),
+              throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+        });
+        test('$name, handle error', () {
+          var hadError = false;
+          packages.parse(utf8.encode(content), baseFile, (error) {
+            hadError = true;
+            expect(error, isA<FormatException>());
+          });
+          expect(hadError, true);
+        });
+      }
+
+      testThrows('repeated package name', 'foo:lib/\nfoo:lib\n');
+      testThrows('no colon', 'foo\n');
+      testThrows('empty package name', ':lib/\n');
+      testThrows('dot only package name', '.:lib/\n');
+      testThrows('dot only package name', '..:lib/\n');
+      testThrows('invalid package name character', 'f\\o:lib/\n');
+      testThrows('package URI', 'foo:package:bar/lib/');
+      testThrows('location with query', 'f\\o:lib/?\n');
+      testThrows('location with fragment', 'f\\o:lib/#\n');
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('package_config.json', () {
+    test('valid', () {
+      var packageConfigFile = '''
+        {
+          "configVersion": 2,
+          "packages": [
+            {
+              "name": "foo",
+              "rootUri": "file:///foo/",
+              "packageUri": "lib/",
+              "languageVersion": "2.5",
+              "nonstandard": true
+            },
+            {
+              "name": "bar",
+              "rootUri": "/bar/",
+              "packageUri": "lib/",
+              "languageVersion": "9999.9999"
+            },
+            {
+              "name": "baz",
+              "rootUri": "../",
+              "packageUri": "lib/"
+            },
+            {
+              "name": "noslash",
+              "rootUri": "../noslash",
+              "packageUri": "lib"
+            }
+          ],
+          "generator": "pub",
+          "other": [42]
+        }
+        ''';
+      var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(
+          // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+          utf8.encode(packageConfigFile) as Uint8List,
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'),
+          throwError);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      expect({for (var p in config.packages) p.name},
+          {'foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'noslash'});
+
+      expect(config.resolve(pkg('foo', 'foo.dart')),
+          Uri.parse('file:///foo/lib/foo.dart'));
+      expect(config.resolve(pkg('bar', 'bar.dart')),
+          Uri.parse('file:///bar/lib/bar.dart'));
+      expect(config.resolve(pkg('baz', 'baz.dart')),
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/lib/baz.dart'));
+
+      var foo = config['foo']!;
+      expect(foo, isNotNull);
+      expect(foo.root, Uri.parse('file:///foo/'));
+      expect(foo.packageUriRoot, Uri.parse('file:///foo/lib/'));
+      expect(foo.languageVersion, LanguageVersion(2, 5));
+      expect(foo.extraData, {'nonstandard': true});
+      expect(foo.relativeRoot, false);
+
+      var bar = config['bar']!;
+      expect(bar, isNotNull);
+      expect(bar.root, Uri.parse('file:///bar/'));
+      expect(bar.packageUriRoot, Uri.parse('file:///bar/lib/'));
+      expect(bar.languageVersion, LanguageVersion(9999, 9999));
+      expect(bar.extraData, null);
+      expect(bar.relativeRoot, false);
+
+      var baz = config['baz']!;
+      expect(baz, isNotNull);
+      expect(baz.root, Uri.parse('file:///tmp/'));
+      expect(baz.packageUriRoot, Uri.parse('file:///tmp/lib/'));
+      expect(baz.languageVersion, null);
+      expect(baz.relativeRoot, true);
+
+      // No slash after root or package root. One is inserted.
+      var noslash = config['noslash']!;
+      expect(noslash, isNotNull);
+      expect(noslash.root, Uri.parse('file:///tmp/noslash/'));
+      expect(noslash.packageUriRoot, Uri.parse('file:///tmp/noslash/lib/'));
+      expect(noslash.languageVersion, null);
+      expect(noslash.relativeRoot, true);
+
+      expect(config.extraData, {
+        'generator': 'pub',
+        'other': [42]
+      });
+    });
+
+    test('valid other order', () {
+      // The ordering in the file is not important.
+      var packageConfigFile = '''
+        {
+          "generator": "pub",
+          "other": [42],
+          "packages": [
+            {
+              "languageVersion": "2.5",
+              "packageUri": "lib/",
+              "rootUri": "file:///foo/",
+              "name": "foo"
+            },
+            {
+              "packageUri": "lib/",
+              "languageVersion": "9999.9999",
+              "rootUri": "/bar/",
+              "name": "bar"
+            },
+            {
+              "packageUri": "lib/",
+              "name": "baz",
+              "rootUri": "../"
+            }
+          ],
+          "configVersion": 2
+        }
+        ''';
+      var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(
+          // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+          utf8.encode(packageConfigFile) as Uint8List,
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'),
+          throwError);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      expect({for (var p in config.packages) p.name}, {'foo', 'bar', 'baz'});
+
+      expect(config.resolve(pkg('foo', 'foo.dart')),
+          Uri.parse('file:///foo/lib/foo.dart'));
+      expect(config.resolve(pkg('bar', 'bar.dart')),
+          Uri.parse('file:///bar/lib/bar.dart'));
+      expect(config.resolve(pkg('baz', 'baz.dart')),
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/lib/baz.dart'));
+      expect(config.extraData, {
+        'generator': 'pub',
+        'other': [42]
+      });
+    });
+
+    // Check that a few minimal configurations are valid.
+    // These form the basis of invalid tests below.
+    var cfg = '"configVersion":2';
+    var pkgs = '"packages":[]';
+    var name = '"name":"foo"';
+    var root = '"rootUri":"/foo/"';
+    test('minimal', () {
+      var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(
+          // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+          utf8.encode('{$cfg,$pkgs}') as Uint8List,
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'),
+          throwError);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      expect(config.packages, isEmpty);
+    });
+    test('minimal package', () {
+      // A package must have a name and a rootUri, the remaining properties
+      // are optional.
+      var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(
+          // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+          utf8.encode('{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root}]}') as Uint8List,
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'),
+          throwError);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      expect(config.packages.first.name, 'foo');
+    });
+
+    test('nested packages', () {
+      var configBytes = utf8.encode(json.encode({
+        'configVersion': 2,
+        'packages': [
+          {'name': 'foo', 'rootUri': '/foo/', 'packageUri': 'lib/'},
+          {'name': 'bar', 'rootUri': '/foo/bar/', 'packageUri': 'lib/'},
+          {'name': 'baz', 'rootUri': '/foo/bar/baz/', 'packageUri': 'lib/'},
+          {'name': 'qux', 'rootUri': '/foo/qux/', 'packageUri': 'lib/'},
+        ]
+      }));
+      // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+      var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(configBytes as Uint8List,
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'), throwError);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      expect(config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///foo/lala/lala.dart'))!.name,
+          'foo');
+      expect(config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///foo/bar/lala.dart'))!.name,
+          'bar');
+      expect(config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///foo/bar/baz/lala.dart'))!.name,
+          'baz');
+      expect(config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///foo/qux/lala.dart'))!.name,
+          'qux');
+      expect(config.toPackageUri(Uri.parse('file:///foo/lib/diz')),
+          Uri.parse('package:foo/diz'));
+      expect(config.toPackageUri(Uri.parse('file:///foo/bar/lib/diz')),
+          Uri.parse('package:bar/diz'));
+      expect(config.toPackageUri(Uri.parse('file:///foo/bar/baz/lib/diz')),
+          Uri.parse('package:baz/diz'));
+      expect(config.toPackageUri(Uri.parse('file:///foo/qux/lib/diz')),
+          Uri.parse('package:qux/diz'));
+    });
+
+    test('nested packages 2', () {
+      var configBytes = utf8.encode(json.encode({
+        'configVersion': 2,
+        'packages': [
+          {'name': 'foo', 'rootUri': '/', 'packageUri': 'lib/'},
+          {'name': 'bar', 'rootUri': '/bar/', 'packageUri': 'lib/'},
+          {'name': 'baz', 'rootUri': '/bar/baz/', 'packageUri': 'lib/'},
+          {'name': 'qux', 'rootUri': '/qux/', 'packageUri': 'lib/'},
+        ]
+      }));
+      // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+      var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(configBytes as Uint8List,
+          Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'), throwError);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      expect(
+          config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///lala/lala.dart'))!.name, 'foo');
+      expect(config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///bar/lala.dart'))!.name, 'bar');
+      expect(config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///bar/baz/lala.dart'))!.name,
+          'baz');
+      expect(config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///qux/lala.dart'))!.name, 'qux');
+      expect(config.toPackageUri(Uri.parse('file:///lib/diz')),
+          Uri.parse('package:foo/diz'));
+      expect(config.toPackageUri(Uri.parse('file:///bar/lib/diz')),
+          Uri.parse('package:bar/diz'));
+      expect(config.toPackageUri(Uri.parse('file:///bar/baz/lib/diz')),
+          Uri.parse('package:baz/diz'));
+      expect(config.toPackageUri(Uri.parse('file:///qux/lib/diz')),
+          Uri.parse('package:qux/diz'));
+    });
+
+    test('packageOf is case sensitive on windows', () {
+      var configBytes = utf8.encode(json.encode({
+        'configVersion': 2,
+        'packages': [
+          {'name': 'foo', 'rootUri': 'file:///C:/Foo/', 'packageUri': 'lib/'},
+        ]
+      }));
+      var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(
+          // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+          configBytes as Uint8List,
+          Uri.parse('file:///C:/tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'),
+          throwError);
+      expect(config.version, 2);
+      expect(
+          config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///C:/foo/lala/lala.dart')), null);
+      expect(config.packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///C:/Foo/lala/lala.dart'))!.name,
+          'foo');
+    });
+
+    group('invalid', () {
+      void testThrows(String name, String source) {
+        test(name, () {
+          expect(
+              // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+              () => parsePackageConfigBytes(utf8.encode(source) as Uint8List,
+                  Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'), throwError),
+              throwsA(isA<FormatException>()));
+        });
+      }
+
+      void testThrowsContains(
+          String name, String source, String containsString) {
+        test(name, () {
+          dynamic exception;
+          try {
+            parsePackageConfigBytes(
+              // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+              utf8.encode(source) as Uint8List,
+              Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'),
+              throwError,
+            );
+          } catch (e) {
+            exception = e;
+          }
+          if (exception == null) fail("Didn't get exception");
+          expect('$exception', contains(containsString));
+        });
+      }
+
+      testThrows('comment', '# comment\n {$cfg,$pkgs}');
+      testThrows('.packages file', 'foo:/foo\n');
+      testThrows('no configVersion', '{$pkgs}');
+      testThrows('no packages', '{$cfg}');
+      group('config version:', () {
+        testThrows('null', '{"configVersion":null,$pkgs}');
+        testThrows('string', '{"configVersion":"2",$pkgs}');
+        testThrows('array', '{"configVersion":[2],$pkgs}');
+      });
+      group('packages:', () {
+        testThrows('null', '{$cfg,"packages":null}');
+        testThrows('string', '{$cfg,"packages":"foo"}');
+        testThrows('object', '{$cfg,"packages":{}}');
+      });
+      group('packages entry:', () {
+        testThrows('null', '{$cfg,"packages":[null]}');
+        testThrows('string', '{$cfg,"packages":["foo"]}');
+        testThrows('array', '{$cfg,"packages":[[]]}');
+      });
+      group('package', () {
+        testThrows('no name', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$root}]}');
+        group('name:', () {
+          testThrows('null', '{$cfg,"packages":[{"name":null,$root}]}');
+          testThrows('num', '{$cfg,"packages":[{"name":1,$root}]}');
+          testThrows('object', '{$cfg,"packages":[{"name":{},$root}]}');
+          testThrows('empty', '{$cfg,"packages":[{"name":"",$root}]}');
+          testThrows('one-dot', '{$cfg,"packages":[{"name":".",$root}]}');
+          testThrows('two-dot', '{$cfg,"packages":[{"name":"..",$root}]}');
+          testThrows(
+              "invalid char '\\'", '{$cfg,"packages":[{"name":"\\",$root}]}');
+          testThrows(
+              "invalid char ':'", '{$cfg,"packages":[{"name":":",$root}]}');
+          testThrows(
+              "invalid char ' '", '{$cfg,"packages":[{"name":" ",$root}]}');
+        });
+
+        testThrows('no root', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name}]}');
+        group('root:', () {
+          testThrows('null', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,"rootUri":null}]}');
+          testThrows('num', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,"rootUri":1}]}');
+          testThrows('object', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,"rootUri":{}}]}');
+          testThrows('fragment', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,"rootUri":"x/#"}]}');
+          testThrows('query', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,"rootUri":"x/?"}]}');
+          testThrows('package-URI',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,"rootUri":"package:x/x/"}]}');
+        });
+        group('package-URI root:', () {
+          testThrows(
+              'null', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"packageUri":null}]}');
+          testThrows('num', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"packageUri":1}]}');
+          testThrows(
+              'object', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"packageUri":{}}]}');
+          testThrows('fragment',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"packageUri":"x/#"}]}');
+          testThrows(
+              'query', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"packageUri":"x/?"}]}');
+          testThrows('package: URI',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"packageUri":"package:x/x/"}]}');
+          testThrows('not inside root',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"packageUri":"../other/"}]}');
+        });
+        group('language version', () {
+          testThrows('null',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":null}]}');
+          testThrows(
+              'num', '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":1}]}');
+          testThrows('object',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":{}}]}');
+          testThrows('empty',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":""}]}');
+          testThrows('non number.number',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":"x.1"}]}');
+          testThrows('number.non number',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":"1.x"}]}');
+          testThrows('non number',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":"x"}]}');
+          testThrows('one number',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":"1"}]}');
+          testThrows('three numbers',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":"1.2.3"}]}');
+          testThrows('leading zero first',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":"01.1"}]}');
+          testThrows('leading zero second',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":"1.01"}]}');
+          testThrows('trailing-',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":"1.1-1"}]}');
+          testThrows('trailing+',
+              '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root,"languageVersion":"1.1+1"}]}');
+        });
+      });
+      testThrows('duplicate package name',
+          '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root},{$name,"rootUri":"/other/"}]}');
+      testThrowsContains(
+          // The roots of foo and bar are the same.
+          'same roots',
+          '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,$root},{"name":"bar",$root}]}',
+          'the same root directory');
+      testThrowsContains(
+          // The roots of foo and bar are the same.
+          'same roots 2',
+          '{$cfg,"packages":[{$name,"rootUri":"/"},{"name":"bar","rootUri":"/"}]}',
+          'the same root directory');
+      testThrowsContains(
+          // The root of bar is inside the root of foo,
+          // but the package root of foo is inside the root of bar.
+          'between root and lib',
+          '{$cfg,"packages":['
+              '{"name":"foo","rootUri":"/foo/","packageUri":"bar/lib/"},'
+              '{"name":"bar","rootUri":"/foo/bar/","packageUri":"baz/lib"}]}',
+          'package root of foo is inside the root of bar');
+
+      // This shouldn't be allowed, but for internal reasons it is.
+      test('package inside package root', () {
+        var config = parsePackageConfigBytes(
+            // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+            utf8.encode(
+              '{$cfg,"packages":['
+              '{"name":"foo","rootUri":"/foo/","packageUri":"lib/"},'
+              '{"name":"bar","rootUri":"/foo/lib/bar/","packageUri":"lib"}]}',
+            ) as Uint8List,
+            Uri.parse('file:///tmp/.dart_tool/file.dart'),
+            throwError);
+        expect(
+            config
+                .packageOf(Uri.parse('file:///foo/lib/bar/lib/lala.dart'))!
+                .name,
+            'foo'); // why not bar?
+        expect(config.toPackageUri(Uri.parse('file:///foo/lib/bar/lib/diz')),
+            Uri.parse('package:foo/bar/lib/diz')); // why not package:bar/diz?
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  group('factories', () {
+    void testConfig(String name, PackageConfig config, PackageConfig expected) {
+      group(name, () {
+        test('structure', () {
+          expect(config.version, expected.version);
+          var expectedPackages = {for (var p in expected.packages) p.name};
+          var actualPackages = {for (var p in config.packages) p.name};
+          expect(actualPackages, expectedPackages);
+        });
+        for (var package in config.packages) {
+          var name = package.name;
+          test('package $name', () {
+            var expectedPackage = expected[name]!;
+            expect(expectedPackage, isNotNull);
+            expect(package.root, expectedPackage.root, reason: 'root');
+            expect(package.packageUriRoot, expectedPackage.packageUriRoot,
+                reason: 'package root');
+            expect(package.languageVersion, expectedPackage.languageVersion,
+                reason: 'languageVersion');
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    var configText = '''
+     {"configVersion": 2, "packages": [
+       {
+         "name": "foo",
+         "rootUri": "foo/",
+         "packageUri": "bar/",
+         "languageVersion": "1.2"
+       }
+     ]}
+    ''';
+    var baseUri = Uri.parse('file:///start/');
+    var config = PackageConfig([
+      Package('foo', Uri.parse('file:///start/foo/'),
+          packageUriRoot: Uri.parse('file:///start/foo/bar/'),
+          languageVersion: LanguageVersion(1, 2))
+    ]);
+    testConfig(
+        'string', PackageConfig.parseString(configText, baseUri), config);
+    testConfig(
+        'bytes',
+        PackageConfig.parseBytes(
+            Uint8List.fromList(configText.codeUnits), baseUri),
+        config);
+    testConfig('json', PackageConfig.parseJson(jsonDecode(configText), baseUri),
+        config);
+
+    baseUri = Uri.parse('file:///start2/');
+    config = PackageConfig([
+      Package('foo', Uri.parse('file:///start2/foo/'),
+          packageUriRoot: Uri.parse('file:///start2/foo/bar/'),
+          languageVersion: LanguageVersion(1, 2))
+    ]);
+    testConfig(
+        'string2', PackageConfig.parseString(configText, baseUri), config);
+    testConfig(
+        'bytes2',
+        PackageConfig.parseBytes(
+            Uint8List.fromList(configText.codeUnits), baseUri),
+        config);
+    testConfig('json2',
+        PackageConfig.parseJson(jsonDecode(configText), baseUri), config);
+  });
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/test/src/util.dart b/pkgs/package_config/test/src/util.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..780ee80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/test/src/util.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+
+/// Creates a package: URI.
+Uri pkg(String packageName, String packagePath) {
+  var path =
+      "$packageName${packagePath.startsWith('/') ? "" : "/"}$packagePath";
+  return Uri(scheme: 'package', path: path);
+}
+
+// Remove if not used.
+String configFromPackages(List<List<String>> packages) => """
+{
+  "configVersion": 2,
+  "packages": [
+${packages.map((nu) => """
+    {
+      "name": "${nu[0]}",
+      "rootUri": "${nu[1]}"
+    }""").join(",\n")}
+  ]
+}
+""";
+
+/// Mimics a directory structure of [description] and runs [loaderTest].
+///
+/// Description is a map, each key is a file entry. If the value is a map,
+/// it's a subdirectory, otherwise it's a file and the value is the content
+/// as a string.
+void loaderTest(
+  String name,
+  Map<String, Object> description,
+  void Function(Uri root, Future<Uint8List?> Function(Uri) loader) loaderTest,
+) {
+  var root = Uri(scheme: 'test', path: '/');
+  Future<Uint8List?> loader(Uri uri) async {
+    var path = uri.path;
+    if (!uri.isScheme('test') || !path.startsWith('/')) return null;
+    var parts = path.split('/');
+    Object? value = description;
+    for (var i = 1; i < parts.length; i++) {
+      if (value is! Map<String, Object?>) return null;
+      value = value[parts[i]];
+    }
+    // ignore: unnecessary_cast
+    if (value is String) return utf8.encode(value) as Uint8List;
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  test(name, () => loaderTest(root, loader));
+}
diff --git a/pkgs/package_config/test/src/util_io.dart b/pkgs/package_config/test/src/util_io.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e032556
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkgs/package_config/test/src/util_io.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2020, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
+// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
+// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+import 'dart:io';
+
+import 'package:package_config/src/util_io.dart';
+import 'package:test/test.dart';
+
+/// Creates a directory structure from [description] and runs [fileTest].
+///
+/// Description is a map, each key is a file entry. If the value is a map,
+/// it's a subdirectory, otherwise it's a file and the value is the content
+/// as a string.
+/// Introduces a group to hold the [setUp]/[tearDown] logic.
+void fileTest(String name, Map<String, Object> description,
+    void Function(Directory directory) fileTest) {
+  group('file-test', () {
+    var tempDir = Directory.systemTemp.createTempSync('pkgcfgtest');
+    setUp(() {
+      _createFiles(tempDir, description);
+    });
+    tearDown(() {
+      tempDir.deleteSync(recursive: true);
+    });
+    test(name, () => fileTest(tempDir));
+  });
+}
+
+/// Creates a set of files under a new temporary directory.
+/// Returns the temporary directory.
+///
+/// The [description] is a map from file names to content.
+/// If the content is again a map, it represents a subdirectory
+/// with the content as description.
+/// Otherwise the content should be a string,
+/// which is written to the file as UTF-8.
+// Directory createTestFiles(Map<String, Object> description) {
+//   var target = Directory.systemTemp.createTempSync("pkgcfgtest");
+//   _createFiles(target, description);
+//   return target;
+// }
+
+// Creates temporary files in the target directory.
+void _createFiles(Directory target, Map<Object?, Object?> description) {
+  description.forEach((name, content) {
+    var entryName = pathJoin(target.path, '$name');
+    if (content is Map<Object?, Object?>) {
+      _createFiles(Directory(entryName)..createSync(), content);
+    } else {
+      File(entryName).writeAsStringSync(content as String, flush: true);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+/// Creates a [Directory] for a subdirectory of [parent].
+Directory subdir(Directory parent, String dirName) =>
+    Directory(pathJoinAll([parent.path, ...dirName.split('/')]));
+
+/// Creates a [File] for an entry in the [directory] directory.
+File dirFile(Directory directory, String fileName) =>
+    File(pathJoin(directory.path, fileName));