[vm/compiler] Replace simple induction analysis with new framework

Rationale:
Replacing the simple induction analysis in the range analyzer
with the new framework for finding induction variables removes
a lot of code and even saves some memory in the IR (for phis).
Note that this is only the first phase, i.e. using the new
framework for the same behavior in the range analyzer. In the
second phase, the new framework will be fully exploited to
compute more accurate ranges in many more cases.
Change-Id: Iae5bd5a155ef8592558b5bdb2388c5aa9da64e59
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/c/84500
Reviewed-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>
Commit-Queue: Aart Bik <ajcbik@google.com>