\def\builtinId#1{\textsf{\textbf{#1}}}
\def\keyword#1{\textsf{\textbf{#1}}}
\def\metavar#1{\ensuremath{\mathit{#1}}}

\def\ABSTRACT{\builtinId{abstract}}
\def\AS{\builtinId{as}}
\def\COVARIANT{\builtinId{covariant}}
\def\DEFERRED{\builtinId{deferred}}
\def\DYNAMIC{\builtinId{dynamic}}
\def\EXPORT{\builtinId{export}}
\def\EXTERNAL{\builtinId{external}}
\def\FACTORY{\builtinId{factory}}
\def\FUNCTION{\builtinId{Function}}
\def\GET{\builtinId{get}}
\def\IMPLEMENTS{\builtinId{implements}}
\def\IMPORT{\builtinId{import}}
\def\INTERFACE{\builtinId{interface}}
\def\LIBRARY{\builtinId{library}}
\def\MIXIN{\builtinId{mixin}}
\def\OPERATOR{\builtinId{operator}}
\def\PART{\builtinId{part}}
\def\SET{\builtinId{set}}
\def\STATIC{\builtinId{static}}
\def\TYPEDEF{\builtinId{typedef}}

\def\ASSERT{\keyword{assert}}
\def\ASYNC{\keyword{async}}
\def\AWAIT{\keyword{await}}
\def\BREAK{\keyword{break}}
\def\CASE{\keyword{case}}
\def\CATCH{\keyword{catch}}
\def\CLASS{\keyword{class}}
\def\CONST{\keyword{const}}
\def\CONTINUE{\keyword{continue}}
\def\DEFAULT{\keyword{default}}
\def\DO{\keyword{do}}
\def\ELSE{\keyword{else}}
\def\ENUM{\keyword{enum}}
\def\EXTENDS{\keyword{extends}}
\def\FALSE{\keyword{false}}
\def\FINAL{\keyword{final}}
\def\FINALLY{\keyword{finally}}
\def\FOR{\keyword{for}}
\def\HIDE{\keyword{hide}}
\def\IF{\keyword{if}}
\def\IN{\keyword{in}}
\def\IS{\keyword{is}}
\def\NEW{\keyword{new}}
\def\NULL{\keyword{null}}
\def\OF{\keyword{of}}
\def\ON{\keyword{on}}
\def\RETHROW{\keyword{rethrow}}
\def\RETURN{\keyword{return}}
\def\SHOW{\keyword{show}}
\def\SUPER{\keyword{super}}
\def\SWITCH{\keyword{switch}}
\def\SYNC{\keyword{sync}}
\def\THIS{\keyword{this}}
\def\THROW{\keyword{throw}}
\def\TRUE{\keyword{true}}
\def\TRY{\keyword{try}}
\def\VAR{\keyword{var}}
\def\VOID{\keyword{void}}
\def\WHILE{\keyword{while}}
\def\WITH{\keyword{with}}
\def\YIELD{\keyword{yield}}

% Used for inline code snippets.
\def\code#1{\texttt{#1}}

% `call` has no special lexical status, so we just use \code{}.
\def\CALL{\code{call}}

% Define commands for `<<`, `>>`, `>>>` that avoid introducing guillemets.
\def\ltlt{<\mbox <}
\def\gtgt{>\mbox >}
\def\gtgtgt{>\mbox >\mbox >}

% Used as line break in the right hand side of a grammar
% alternative, that is, when starting a "continuation line".
\newcommand{\gnewline}{\leavevmode\\}

% Metavariables for argument lists.
\newcommand{\argumentList}[1]{\metavar{{#1}s}}
\newcommand{\parameterList}[1]{\metavar{{#1}s}}

\newenvironment{Q}[1]{{\bf #1}}{}
\newenvironment{rationale}[1]{{\it #1}}{}
\newenvironment{commentary}[1]{{\sf #1}}{}

\newcommand{\flatten}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\it flatten}({#1})}}

% Used as a mini-section marker, indicating visibly that a range of
% text (usually just a couple of paragraphs) are concerned with one
% specific topic in a list of similar topics (like many forms of
% expressions of a similar nature).
\newcommand{\Case}[1]{\textbf{Case }$\langle\hspace{0.1em}${#1}$\hspace{0.1em}\rangle$\textbf{.}}

\newenvironment{dartCode}[1][!ht] {
  \def\@programcr{\@addfield\strut}%
  \let\\=\@programcr%
  \relax\@vobeyspaces\obeylines%
  \ttfamily%
  \vspace{1em}
}{\vspace{1em}}

% Used for comments in a code context.
\def\comment#1{\textsf{#1}}

% A commonly used name for an identifier
\newcommand{\id}{\metavar{id}}

% Used for defining occurrence of phrase, with customized index entry.
\newcommand{\IndexCustom}[2]{%
  \leavevmode\marginpar{\ensuremath{\diamond}}\emph{#1}\index{#2}}

% Used for a defining occurrence of a phrase, adding it to the index.
\newcommand{\Index}[1]{\IndexCustom{#1}{#1}}

% Same appearance, but not adding an entry to the index.
\newcommand{\NoIndex}[1]{
  \leavevmode\marginpar{\ensuremath{\diamond}}\emph{#1}}

% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
% Support for hash valued Location Markers

% very small font, to enable 40 char hash values in the margin
\makeatletter
\ifcase \@ptsize \relax% 10pt
  \newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{2}{3}}% \tiny: 5/6
\or% 11pt
  \newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{3}{4}}% \tiny: 6/7
\or% 12pt
  \newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{3}{4}}% \tiny: 6/7
\fi
\makeatother

% white: location markers should not create visual noise
\definecolor{LMdim}{gray}{1.0}

% insert location marker showing hash value of following paragraph
\newcommand{\LMHash}[1]{\leavevmode\marginpar{\quad%
    \raisebox{0.5ex}{\miniscule{\color{LMdim}#1}}\vspace{-2\baselineskip}}}

% support convenient renewcommand
\let\OriginalLMHash\LMHash

% define a label, and show the associated logical location marker
\newcommand{\LMLabel}[1]{%
  \vspace{-\baselineskip}\leavevmode\OriginalLMHash{\raisebox{10ex}{#1}}%
  \label{#1}}
% ----------------------------------------------------------------------