[VM] Remove unnecessary Closure.clone() from sync*.

Instead, this CL wraps sync*'s sync_op in an additional function
that captures local copies of the necessary closure state.
Notably this state includes the parameters of the original sync* function
as these also need to be cloned for each instance.


Note: a large number of .expect files have a small number of changes
due to the additional wrapper function, as well as some extra plumbing.

Bug: https://github.com/dart-lang/sdk/issues/37753
Change-Id: If099dbfe9e5d62979626b852386fd0173fc76de5
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/c/sdk/+/136190
Commit-Queue: Clement Skau <cskau@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Vyacheslav Egorov <vegorov@google.com>