// Copyright (c) 2012, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

#ifndef VM_SNAPSHOT_H_
#define VM_SNAPSHOT_H_

#include "platform/assert.h"
#include "vm/allocation.h"
#include "vm/bitfield.h"
#include "vm/datastream.h"
#include "vm/exceptions.h"
#include "vm/globals.h"
#include "vm/growable_array.h"
#include "vm/isolate.h"
#include "vm/visitor.h"

namespace dart {

// Forward declarations.
class AbstractType;
class Array;
class Class;
class ClassTable;
class Closure;
class Code;
class ExternalTypedData;
class GrowableObjectArray;
class Heap;
class Instructions;
class LanguageError;
class Library;
class Object;
class PassiveObject;
class ObjectStore;
class MegamorphicCache;
class PageSpace;
class RawApiError;
class RawArray;
class RawBigint;
class RawBoundedType;
class RawCapability;
class RawClass;
class RawClosure;
class RawClosureData;
class RawCodeSourceMap;
class RawContext;
class RawContextScope;
class RawDouble;
class RawExceptionHandlers;
class RawField;
class RawFloat32x4;
class RawFloat64x2;
class RawFunction;
class RawGrowableObjectArray;
class RawICData;
class RawImmutableArray;
class RawInstructions;
class RawInt32x4;
class RawRegExp;
class RawLanguageError;
class RawLibrary;
class RawLibraryPrefix;
class RawLinkedHashMap;
class RawLiteralToken;
class RawLocalVarDescriptors;
class RawMegamorphicCache;
class RawMint;
class RawMixinAppType;
class RawBigint;
class RawNamespace;
class RawObject;
class RawObjectPool;
class RawOneByteString;
class RawPatchClass;
class RawPcDescriptors;
class RawReceivePort;
class RawRedirectionData;
class RawScript;
class RawSendPort;
class RawSmi;
class RawStackmap;
class RawStacktrace;
class RawSubtypeTestCache;
class RawTokenStream;
class RawTwoByteString;
class RawType;
class RawTypeArguments;
class RawTypedData;
class RawTypeParameter;
class RawTypeRef;
class RawUnhandledException;
class RawUnresolvedClass;
class RawWeakProperty;
class String;
class TokenStream;
class TypeArguments;
class TypedData;
class UnhandledException;

// Serialized object header encoding is as follows:
// - Smi: the Smi value is written as is (last bit is not tagged).
// - VM object (from VM isolate): (object id in vm isolate | 0x3)
//   This valus is serialized as a negative number.
//   (note VM objects are never serialized they are expected to be found
//    using ths unique ID assigned to them).
// - Reference to object that has already been written: (object id | 0x3)
//   This valus is serialized as a positive number.
// - Object that is seen for the first time (inlined in the stream):
//   (a unique id for this object | 0x1)
enum SerializedHeaderType {
  kInlined  = 0x1,
  kObjectId = 0x3,
};
static const int8_t kHeaderTagBits = 2;
static const int8_t kObjectIdBits = (kBitsPerInt32 - (kHeaderTagBits + 1));
static const intptr_t kMaxObjectId = (kMaxUint32 >> (kHeaderTagBits + 1));
static const bool kAsReference = true;
static const bool kAsInlinedObject = false;
static const intptr_t kInvalidPatchIndex = -1;


class SerializedHeaderTag :
    public BitField<intptr_t, enum SerializedHeaderType, 0, kHeaderTagBits> {};


class SerializedHeaderData :
    public BitField<intptr_t, intptr_t, kHeaderTagBits, kObjectIdBits> {};


enum DeserializeState {
  kIsDeserialized = 0,
  kIsNotDeserialized = 1,
};


enum SerializeState {
  kIsSerialized = 0,
  kIsNotSerialized = 1,
};


#define HEAP_SPACE(kind) (kind == Snapshot::kMessage) ? Heap::kNew : Heap::kOld


// Structure capturing the raw snapshot.
//
// TODO(turnidge): Remove this class once the snapshot does not have a
// header anymore.  This is pending on making the embedder pass in the
// length of their snapshot.
class Snapshot {
 public:
  enum Kind {
    kCore = 0,    // Full snapshot of core libraries. No root library, no code.
    kScript,      // A partial snapshot of only the application script.
    kMessage,     // A partial snapshot used only for isolate messaging.
    kAppWithJIT,  // Full snapshot of core libraries and application. Has some
                  // code, but may compile in the future because we haven't
                  // necessarily included code for every function or to
                  // (de)optimize.
    kAppNoJIT,    // Full snapshot of core libraries and application. Has
                  // complete code for the application that never deopts. Will
                  // not compile in the future.
    kNone,        // dart_bootstrap/gen_snapshot
    kInvalid
  };

  static const int kHeaderSize = 2 * sizeof(int64_t);
  static const int kLengthIndex = 0;
  static const int kSnapshotFlagIndex = 1;

  static const Snapshot* SetupFromBuffer(const void* raw_memory);

  // Getters.
  const uint8_t* content() const { OPEN_ARRAY_START(uint8_t, uint8_t); }
  intptr_t length() const {
    return static_cast<intptr_t>(ReadUnaligned(&unaligned_length_));
  }
  Kind kind() const {
    return static_cast<Kind>(ReadUnaligned(&unaligned_kind_));
  }

  static bool IsFull(Kind kind) {
    return (kind == kCore) || (kind == kAppWithJIT) || (kind == kAppNoJIT);
  }
  static bool IncludesCode(Kind kind) {
    return (kind == kAppWithJIT) || (kind == kAppNoJIT);
  }

  uint8_t* Addr() { return reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(this); }

  static intptr_t length_offset() {
    return OFFSET_OF(Snapshot, unaligned_length_);
  }
  static intptr_t kind_offset() {
    return OFFSET_OF(Snapshot, unaligned_kind_);
  }

 private:
  // Prevent Snapshot from ever being allocated directly.
  Snapshot();

  // The following fields are potentially unaligned.
  int64_t unaligned_length_;  // Stream length.
  int64_t unaligned_kind_;  // Kind of snapshot.

  // Variable length data follows here.

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Snapshot);
};


class InstructionsSnapshot : ValueObject {
 public:
  explicit InstructionsSnapshot(const void* raw_memory)
    : raw_memory_(raw_memory) {
    ASSERT(Utils::IsAligned(raw_memory, OS::kMaxPreferredCodeAlignment));
  }

  void* instructions_start() {
    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(
        reinterpret_cast<uword>(raw_memory_) + kHeaderSize);
  }

  uword instructions_size() {
    uword snapshot_size = *reinterpret_cast<const uword*>(raw_memory_);
    return snapshot_size - kHeaderSize;
  }

  static const intptr_t kHeaderSize = OS::kMaxPreferredCodeAlignment;

 private:
  const void* raw_memory_;  // The symbol kInstructionsSnapshot.

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(InstructionsSnapshot);
};


class DataSnapshot : ValueObject {
 public:
  explicit DataSnapshot(const void* raw_memory)
    : raw_memory_(raw_memory) {
    ASSERT(Utils::IsAligned(raw_memory, 2 * kWordSize));  // kObjectAlignment
  }

  void* data_start() {
    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(
        reinterpret_cast<uword>(raw_memory_) + kHeaderSize);
  }

  uword data_size() {
    uword snapshot_size = *reinterpret_cast<const uword*>(raw_memory_);
    return snapshot_size - kHeaderSize;
  }

  // Header: data length and padding for alignment. We use the same alignment
  // as for code for now.
  static const intptr_t kHeaderSize = OS::kMaxPreferredCodeAlignment;

 private:
  const void* raw_memory_;  // The symbol kDataSnapshot.

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(DataSnapshot);
};


class BaseReader {
 public:
  BaseReader(const uint8_t* buffer, intptr_t size) : stream_(buffer, size) {}
  // Reads raw data (for basic types).
  // sizeof(T) must be in {1,2,4,8}.
  template <typename T>
  T Read() {
    return ReadStream::Raw<sizeof(T), T>::Read(&stream_);
  }

  intptr_t ReadRawPointerValue() {
    int64_t value = Read<int64_t>();
    return static_cast<intptr_t>(value);
  }

  classid_t ReadClassIDValue() {
    uint32_t value = Read<uint32_t>();
    return static_cast<classid_t>(value);
  }
  COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(uint32_t) >= sizeof(classid_t));

  void ReadBytes(uint8_t* addr, intptr_t len) {
    stream_.ReadBytes(addr, len);
  }

  double ReadDouble() {
    double result;
    stream_.ReadBytes(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&result), sizeof(result));
    return result;
  }

  intptr_t ReadTags() {
    const intptr_t tags = static_cast<intptr_t>(Read<int8_t>()) & 0xff;
    ASSERT(SerializedHeaderTag::decode(tags) != kObjectId);
    return tags;
  }

  const uint8_t* CurrentBufferAddress() const {
    return stream_.AddressOfCurrentPosition();
  }

  void Advance(intptr_t value) {
    stream_.Advance(value);
  }

  intptr_t PendingBytes() const {
    return stream_.PendingBytes();
  }

  RawSmi* ReadAsSmi();
  intptr_t ReadSmiValue();

  // Negative header value indicates VM isolate object id.
  bool IsVMIsolateObject(intptr_t header_value) { return (header_value < 0); }
  intptr_t GetVMIsolateObjectId(intptr_t header_val) {
    ASSERT(IsVMIsolateObject(header_val));
    intptr_t value = -header_val;  // Header is negative for VM isolate objects.
    ASSERT(SerializedHeaderTag::decode(value) == kObjectId);
    return SerializedHeaderData::decode(value);
  }

 private:
  ReadStream stream_;  // input stream.
};


class BackRefNode : public ValueObject {
 public:
  BackRefNode(Object* reference,
              DeserializeState state,
              bool defer_canonicalization)
      : reference_(reference),
        state_(state),
        defer_canonicalization_(defer_canonicalization),
        patch_records_(NULL) {}
  Object* reference() const { return reference_; }
  bool is_deserialized() const { return state_ == kIsDeserialized; }
  void set_state(DeserializeState state) { state_ = state; }
  bool defer_canonicalization() const { return defer_canonicalization_; }
  ZoneGrowableArray<intptr_t>* patch_records() const { return patch_records_; }

  BackRefNode& operator=(const BackRefNode& other) {
    reference_ = other.reference_;
    state_ = other.state_;
    defer_canonicalization_ = other.defer_canonicalization_;
    patch_records_ = other.patch_records_;
    return *this;
  }

  void AddPatchRecord(intptr_t patch_object_id, intptr_t patch_offset) {
    if (defer_canonicalization_) {
      if (patch_records_ == NULL) {
        patch_records_ = new ZoneGrowableArray<intptr_t>();
      }
      patch_records_->Add(patch_object_id);
      patch_records_->Add(patch_offset);
    }
  }

 private:
  Object* reference_;
  DeserializeState state_;
  bool defer_canonicalization_;
  ZoneGrowableArray<intptr_t>* patch_records_;
};


class InstructionsReader : public ZoneAllocated {
 public:
  InstructionsReader(const uint8_t* instructions_buffer,
                     const uint8_t* data_buffer)
    : instructions_buffer_(instructions_buffer),
      data_buffer_(data_buffer) {
    ASSERT(instructions_buffer != NULL);
    ASSERT(data_buffer != NULL);
    ASSERT(Utils::IsAligned(reinterpret_cast<uword>(instructions_buffer),
                            OS::PreferredCodeAlignment()));
  }

  uword GetInstructionsAt(int32_t offset);
  RawObject* GetObjectAt(int32_t offset);

 private:
  const uint8_t* instructions_buffer_;
  const uint8_t* data_buffer_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(InstructionsReader);
};


// Reads a snapshot into objects.
class SnapshotReader : public BaseReader {
 public:
  Thread* thread() const { return thread_; }
  Zone* zone() const { return zone_; }
  Isolate* isolate() const { return thread_->isolate(); }
  Heap* heap() const { return heap_; }
  ObjectStore* object_store() const { return isolate()->object_store(); }
  ClassTable* class_table() const { return isolate()->class_table(); }
  PassiveObject* PassiveObjectHandle() { return &pobj_; }
  Array* ArrayHandle() { return &array_; }
  Class* ClassHandle() { return &cls_; }
  String* StringHandle() { return &str_; }
  AbstractType* TypeHandle() { return &type_; }
  TypeArguments* TypeArgumentsHandle() { return &type_arguments_; }
  GrowableObjectArray* TokensHandle() { return &tokens_; }
  TokenStream* StreamHandle() { return &stream_; }
  ExternalTypedData* DataHandle() { return &data_; }
  TypedData* TypedDataHandle() { return &typed_data_; }
  Code* CodeHandle() { return &code_; }
  Function* FunctionHandle() { return &function_; }
  MegamorphicCache* MegamorphicCacheHandle() { return &megamorphic_cache_; }
  Snapshot::Kind kind() const { return kind_; }

  // Reads an object.
  RawObject* ReadObject();

  // Add object to backward references.
  void AddBackRef(intptr_t id,
                  Object* obj,
                  DeserializeState state,
                  bool defer_canonicalization = false);

  // Get an object from the backward references list.
  Object* GetBackRef(intptr_t id);

  // Read a full snap shot.
  RawApiError* ReadFullSnapshot();

  // Read a script snap shot.
  RawObject* ReadScriptSnapshot();

  // Read version number of snapshot and verify.
  RawApiError* VerifyVersionAndFeatures();

  // Helper functions for creating uninitialized versions
  // of various object types. These are used when reading a
  // full snapshot.
  RawArray* NewArray(intptr_t len);
  RawImmutableArray* NewImmutableArray(intptr_t len);
  RawOneByteString* NewOneByteString(intptr_t len);
  RawTwoByteString* NewTwoByteString(intptr_t len);
  RawTypeArguments* NewTypeArguments(intptr_t len);
  RawTokenStream* NewTokenStream(intptr_t len);
  RawContext* NewContext(intptr_t num_variables);
  RawClass* NewClass(intptr_t class_id);
  RawInstance* NewInstance();
  RawMint* NewMint(int64_t value);
  RawBigint* NewBigint();
  RawTypedData* NewTypedData(intptr_t class_id, intptr_t len);
  RawDouble* NewDouble(double value);
  RawUnresolvedClass* NewUnresolvedClass();
  RawType* NewType();
  RawTypeRef* NewTypeRef();
  RawTypeParameter* NewTypeParameter();
  RawBoundedType* NewBoundedType();
  RawMixinAppType* NewMixinAppType();
  RawPatchClass* NewPatchClass();
  RawClosure* NewClosure();
  RawClosureData* NewClosureData();
  RawRedirectionData* NewRedirectionData();
  RawFunction* NewFunction();
  RawCode* NewCode(intptr_t pointer_offsets_length);
  RawObjectPool* NewObjectPool(intptr_t length);
  RawPcDescriptors* NewPcDescriptors(intptr_t length);
  RawCodeSourceMap* NewCodeSourceMap(intptr_t length);
  RawLocalVarDescriptors* NewLocalVarDescriptors(intptr_t num_entries);
  RawExceptionHandlers* NewExceptionHandlers(intptr_t num_entries);
  RawStackmap* NewStackmap(intptr_t length);
  RawContextScope* NewContextScope(intptr_t num_variables);
  RawICData* NewICData();
  RawMegamorphicCache* NewMegamorphicCache();
  RawSubtypeTestCache* NewSubtypeTestCache();
  RawLinkedHashMap* NewLinkedHashMap();
  RawField* NewField();
  RawLibrary* NewLibrary();
  RawLibraryPrefix* NewLibraryPrefix();
  RawNamespace* NewNamespace();
  RawScript* NewScript();
  RawLiteralToken* NewLiteralToken();
  RawGrowableObjectArray* NewGrowableObjectArray();
  RawFloat32x4* NewFloat32x4(float v0, float v1, float v2, float v3);
  RawInt32x4* NewInt32x4(uint32_t v0, uint32_t v1, uint32_t v2, uint32_t v3);
  RawFloat64x2* NewFloat64x2(double v0, double v1);
  RawApiError* NewApiError();
  RawLanguageError* NewLanguageError();
  RawUnhandledException* NewUnhandledException();
  RawObject* NewInteger(int64_t value);
  RawStacktrace* NewStacktrace();
  RawWeakProperty* NewWeakProperty();
  RawRegExp* NewRegExp();

  uword GetInstructionsAt(int32_t offset) {
    return instructions_reader_->GetInstructionsAt(offset);
  }

  RawObject* GetObjectAt(int32_t offset) {
    return instructions_reader_->GetObjectAt(offset);
  }

  const uint8_t* instructions_buffer_;
  const uint8_t* data_buffer_;

 protected:
  SnapshotReader(const uint8_t* buffer,
                 intptr_t size,
                 const uint8_t* instructions_buffer,
                 const uint8_t* data_buffer,
                 Snapshot::Kind kind,
                 ZoneGrowableArray<BackRefNode>* backward_references,
                 Thread* thread);
  ~SnapshotReader() { }

  ZoneGrowableArray<BackRefNode>* GetBackwardReferenceTable() const {
    return backward_references_;
  }
  void ResetBackwardReferenceTable() { backward_references_ = NULL; }
  PageSpace* old_space() const { return old_space_; }

 private:
  // Allocate uninitialized objects, this is used when reading a full snapshot.
  RawObject* AllocateUninitialized(intptr_t class_id, intptr_t size);

  RawClass* ReadClassId(intptr_t object_id);
  RawFunction* ReadFunctionId(intptr_t object_id);
  RawObject* ReadStaticImplicitClosure(intptr_t object_id, intptr_t cls_header);

  // Implementation to read an object.
  RawObject* ReadObjectImpl(bool as_reference,
                            intptr_t patch_object_id = kInvalidPatchIndex,
                            intptr_t patch_offset = 0);
  RawObject* ReadObjectImpl(intptr_t header,
                            bool as_reference,
                            intptr_t patch_object_id,
                            intptr_t patch_offset);

  // Read a Dart Instance object.
  RawObject* ReadInstance(intptr_t object_id,
                          intptr_t tags,
                          bool as_reference);

  // Read a VM isolate object that was serialized as an Id.
  RawObject* ReadVMIsolateObject(intptr_t object_id);

  // Read an object that was serialized as an Id (singleton in object store,
  // or an object that was already serialized before).
  RawObject* ReadIndexedObject(intptr_t object_id,
                               intptr_t patch_object_id,
                               intptr_t patch_offset);

  // Add a patch record for the object so that objects whose canonicalization
  // is deferred can be back patched after they are canonicalized.
  void AddPatchRecord(intptr_t object_id,
                      intptr_t patch_object_id,
                      intptr_t patch_offset);

  // Process all the deferred canonicalization entries and patch all references.
  void ProcessDeferredCanonicalizations();

  // Decode class id from the header field.
  intptr_t LookupInternalClass(intptr_t class_header);

  void ArrayReadFrom(intptr_t object_id,
                     const Array& result,
                     intptr_t len,
                     intptr_t tags);

  intptr_t NextAvailableObjectId() const;

  void SetReadException(const char* msg);

  RawObject* VmIsolateSnapshotObject(intptr_t index) const;

  bool is_vm_isolate() const;

  Snapshot::Kind kind_;  // Indicates type of snapshot(full, script, message).
  Thread* thread_;  // Current thread.
  Zone* zone_;  // Zone for allocations while reading snapshot.
  Heap* heap_;  // Heap of the current isolate.
  PageSpace* old_space_;  // Old space of the current isolate.
  Class& cls_;  // Temporary Class handle.
  Object& obj_;  // Temporary Object handle.
  PassiveObject& pobj_;  // Temporary PassiveObject handle.
  Array& array_;  // Temporary Array handle.
  Field& field_;  // Temporary Field handle.
  String& str_;  // Temporary String handle.
  Library& library_;  // Temporary library handle.
  AbstractType& type_;  // Temporary type handle.
  TypeArguments& type_arguments_;  // Temporary type argument handle.
  GrowableObjectArray& tokens_;  // Temporary tokens handle.
  TokenStream& stream_;  // Temporary token stream handle.
  ExternalTypedData& data_;  // Temporary stream data handle.
  TypedData& typed_data_;  // Temporary typed data handle.
  Code& code_;  // Temporary code handle.
  Function& function_;  // Temporary function handle.
  MegamorphicCache& megamorphic_cache_;  // Temporary megamorphic cache handle.
  UnhandledException& error_;  // Error handle.
  intptr_t max_vm_isolate_object_id_;
  ZoneGrowableArray<BackRefNode>* backward_references_;
  InstructionsReader* instructions_reader_;

  friend class ApiError;
  friend class Array;
  friend class Bigint;
  friend class BoundedType;
  friend class Class;
  friend class Closure;
  friend class ClosureData;
  friend class Code;
  friend class Context;
  friend class ContextScope;
  friend class ExceptionHandlers;
  friend class Field;
  friend class Function;
  friend class GrowableObjectArray;
  friend class ICData;
  friend class ImmutableArray;
  friend class Instructions;
  friend class RegExp;
  friend class LanguageError;
  friend class Library;
  friend class LibraryPrefix;
  friend class LinkedHashMap;
  friend class LiteralToken;
  friend class LocalVarDescriptors;
  friend class MegamorphicCache;
  friend class MirrorReference;
  friend class MixinAppType;
  friend class Namespace;
  friend class ObjectPool;
  friend class PatchClass;
  friend class RedirectionData;
  friend class Script;
  friend class Stacktrace;
  friend class SubtypeTestCache;
  friend class TokenStream;
  friend class Type;
  friend class TypeArguments;
  friend class TypeParameter;
  friend class TypeRef;
  friend class UnhandledException;
  friend class UnresolvedClass;
  friend class WeakProperty;
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(SnapshotReader);
};


class VmIsolateSnapshotReader : public SnapshotReader {
 public:
  VmIsolateSnapshotReader(Snapshot::Kind kind,
                          const uint8_t* buffer,
                          intptr_t size,
                          const uint8_t* instructions_buffer,
                          const uint8_t* data_buffer,
                          Thread* thread);
  ~VmIsolateSnapshotReader();

  RawApiError* ReadVmIsolateSnapshot();

 private:
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(VmIsolateSnapshotReader);
};


class IsolateSnapshotReader : public SnapshotReader {
 public:
  IsolateSnapshotReader(Snapshot::Kind kind,
                        const uint8_t* buffer,
                        intptr_t size,
                        const uint8_t* instructions_buffer,
                        const uint8_t* data_buffer,
                        Thread* thread);
  ~IsolateSnapshotReader();

 private:
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(IsolateSnapshotReader);
};


class ScriptSnapshotReader : public SnapshotReader {
 public:
  ScriptSnapshotReader(const uint8_t* buffer,
                       intptr_t size,
                       Thread* thread);
  ~ScriptSnapshotReader();

 private:
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScriptSnapshotReader);
};


class MessageSnapshotReader : public SnapshotReader {
 public:
  MessageSnapshotReader(const uint8_t* buffer,
                        intptr_t size,
                        Thread* thread);
  ~MessageSnapshotReader();

 private:
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(MessageSnapshotReader);
};


class BaseWriter : public StackResource {
 public:
  // Size of the snapshot.
  intptr_t BytesWritten() const { return stream_.bytes_written(); }

  // Writes raw data to the stream (basic type).
  // sizeof(T) must be in {1,2,4,8}.
  template <typename T>
  void Write(T value) {
    WriteStream::Raw<sizeof(T), T>::Write(&stream_, value);
  }

  void WriteRawPointerValue(intptr_t value) {
    Write<int64_t>(value);
  }

  void WriteClassIDValue(classid_t value) {
    Write<uint32_t>(value);
  }
  COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(uint32_t) >= sizeof(classid_t));

  // Write an object that is serialized as an Id (singleton in object store,
  // or an object that was already serialized before).
  void WriteIndexedObject(intptr_t object_id) {
    ASSERT(object_id <= kMaxObjectId);
    intptr_t value = 0;
    value = SerializedHeaderTag::update(kObjectId, value);
    value = SerializedHeaderData::update(object_id, value);
    Write<int32_t>(value);
  }

  // Write a VM Isolateobject that is serialized as an Id.
  void WriteVMIsolateObject(intptr_t object_id) {
    ASSERT(object_id <= kMaxObjectId);
    intptr_t value = 0;
    value = SerializedHeaderTag::update(kObjectId, value);
    value = SerializedHeaderData::update(object_id, value);
    Write<int32_t>(-value);  // Write as a negative value.
  }

  // Write serialization header information for an object.
  void WriteInlinedObjectHeader(intptr_t id) {
    ASSERT(id <= kMaxObjectId);
    intptr_t value = 0;
    value = SerializedHeaderTag::update(kInlined, value);
    value = SerializedHeaderData::update(id, value);
    Write<int32_t>(value);
  }

  void WriteTags(intptr_t tags) {
    ASSERT(SerializedHeaderTag::decode(tags) != kObjectId);
    const intptr_t flags = tags & 0xff;
    Write<int8_t>(static_cast<int8_t>(flags));
  }

  // Write out a buffer of bytes.
  void WriteBytes(const uint8_t* addr, intptr_t len) {
    stream_.WriteBytes(addr, len);
  }

  void WriteDouble(double value) {
    stream_.WriteBytes(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&value), sizeof(value));
  }

 protected:
  BaseWriter(uint8_t** buffer,
             ReAlloc alloc,
             intptr_t initial_size)
      : StackResource(Thread::Current()),
        stream_(buffer, alloc, initial_size) {
    ASSERT(buffer != NULL);
    ASSERT(alloc != NULL);
  }
  ~BaseWriter() { }

  void ReserveHeader() {
    // Make room for recording snapshot buffer size.
    stream_.set_current(stream_.buffer() + Snapshot::kHeaderSize);
  }

  void FillHeader(Snapshot::Kind kind) {
    int64_t* data = reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(stream_.buffer());
    data[Snapshot::kLengthIndex] = stream_.bytes_written();
    data[Snapshot::kSnapshotFlagIndex] = kind;
  }

 private:
  WriteStream stream_;

  DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(BaseWriter);
};


class ForwardList {
 public:
  explicit ForwardList(Thread* thread, intptr_t first_object_id);
  ~ForwardList();

  class Node : public ZoneAllocated {
   public:
    Node(const Object* obj, SerializeState state) : obj_(obj), state_(state) {}
    const Object* obj() const { return obj_; }
    bool is_serialized() const { return state_ == kIsSerialized; }

   private:
    // Private to ensure the invariant of first_unprocessed_object_id_.
    void set_state(SerializeState value) { state_ = value; }

    const Object* obj_;
    SerializeState state_;

    friend class ForwardList;
    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Node);
  };

  Node* NodeForObjectId(intptr_t object_id) const {
    return nodes_[object_id - first_object_id_];
  }

  // Returns the id for the added object.
  intptr_t AddObject(Zone* zone, RawObject* raw, SerializeState state);

  // Returns the id for the object it it exists in the list.
  intptr_t FindObject(RawObject* raw);

  // Exhaustively processes all unserialized objects in this list. 'writer' may
  // concurrently add more objects.
  void SerializeAll(ObjectVisitor* writer);

  // Set state of object in forward list.
  void SetState(intptr_t object_id, SerializeState state) {
    NodeForObjectId(object_id)->set_state(state);
  }

 private:
  intptr_t first_object_id() const { return first_object_id_; }
  intptr_t next_object_id() const { return nodes_.length() + first_object_id_; }
  Heap* heap() const { return thread_->isolate()->heap(); }

  Thread* thread_;
  const intptr_t first_object_id_;
  GrowableArray<Node*> nodes_;
  intptr_t first_unprocessed_object_id_;

  friend class FullSnapshotWriter;
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ForwardList);
};


class InstructionsWriter : public ZoneAllocated {
 public:
  InstructionsWriter()
    : next_offset_(InstructionsSnapshot::kHeaderSize),
      next_object_offset_(DataSnapshot::kHeaderSize),
      instructions_(),
      objects_() {
  }
  virtual ~InstructionsWriter() { }

  int32_t GetOffsetFor(RawInstructions* instructions, RawCode* code);

  int32_t GetObjectOffsetFor(RawObject* raw_object);

  virtual void Write() = 0;
  virtual intptr_t binary_size() = 0;

 protected:
  struct InstructionsData {
    explicit InstructionsData(RawInstructions* insns,
                              RawCode* code,
                              intptr_t offset)
        : raw_insns_(insns), raw_code_(code), offset_(offset) { }

    union {
      RawInstructions* raw_insns_;
      const Instructions* insns_;
    };
    union {
      RawCode* raw_code_;
      const Code* code_;
    };
    intptr_t offset_;
  };

  struct ObjectData {
    explicit ObjectData(RawObject* raw_obj)
        : raw_obj_(raw_obj) { }

    union {
      RawObject* raw_obj_;
      const Object* obj_;
    };
  };

  intptr_t next_offset_;
  intptr_t next_object_offset_;
  GrowableArray<InstructionsData> instructions_;
  GrowableArray<ObjectData> objects_;

 private:
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(InstructionsWriter);
};


class AssemblyInstructionsWriter : public InstructionsWriter {
 public:
  AssemblyInstructionsWriter(uint8_t** assembly_buffer,
                             ReAlloc alloc,
                             intptr_t initial_size)
    : InstructionsWriter(),
      assembly_stream_(assembly_buffer, alloc, initial_size),
      binary_size_(0) {
  }

  virtual void Write();
  virtual intptr_t binary_size() { return binary_size_; }

  intptr_t AssemblySize() const { return assembly_stream_.bytes_written(); }

 private:
  void WriteWordLiteral(uword value) {
    // Padding is helpful for comparing the .S with --disassemble.
#if defined(ARCH_IS_64_BIT)
    assembly_stream_.Print(".quad 0x%0.16" Px "\n", value);
#else
    assembly_stream_.Print(".long 0x%0.8" Px "\n", value);
#endif
    binary_size_ += sizeof(value);
  }

  WriteStream assembly_stream_;
  intptr_t binary_size_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AssemblyInstructionsWriter);
};


class BlobInstructionsWriter : public InstructionsWriter {
 public:
  BlobInstructionsWriter(uint8_t** instructions_blob_buffer,
                         uint8_t** rodata_blob_buffer,
                         ReAlloc alloc,
                         intptr_t initial_size)
    : InstructionsWriter(),
      instructions_blob_stream_(instructions_blob_buffer, alloc, initial_size),
      rodata_blob_stream_(rodata_blob_buffer, alloc, initial_size) {
  }

  virtual void Write();
  virtual intptr_t binary_size() {
    return InstructionsBlobSize() + RodataBlobSize();
  }

  intptr_t InstructionsBlobSize() const {
    return instructions_blob_stream_.bytes_written();
  }
  intptr_t RodataBlobSize() const {
    return rodata_blob_stream_.bytes_written();
  }

 private:
  WriteStream instructions_blob_stream_;
  WriteStream rodata_blob_stream_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BlobInstructionsWriter);
};


class SnapshotWriter : public BaseWriter {
 protected:
  SnapshotWriter(Thread* thread,
                 Snapshot::Kind kind,
                 uint8_t** buffer,
                 ReAlloc alloc,
                 intptr_t initial_size,
                 ForwardList* forward_list,
                 InstructionsWriter* instructions_writer,
                 bool can_send_any_object,
                 bool writing_vm_isolate = false);

 public:
  // Snapshot kind.
  Snapshot::Kind kind() const { return kind_; }
  Thread* thread() const { return thread_; }
  Zone* zone() const { return thread_->zone(); }
  Isolate* isolate() const { return thread_->isolate(); }
  Heap* heap() const { return isolate()->heap(); }

  // Serialize an object into the buffer.
  void WriteObject(RawObject* raw);

  uword GetObjectTags(RawObject* raw);

  Exceptions::ExceptionType exception_type() const {
    return exception_type_;
  }
  void set_exception_type(Exceptions::ExceptionType type) {
    exception_type_ = type;
  }
  const char* exception_msg() const { return exception_msg_; }
  void set_exception_msg(const char* msg) {
    exception_msg_ = msg;
  }
  bool can_send_any_object() const { return can_send_any_object_; }
  bool writing_vm_isolate() const { return writing_vm_isolate_; }
  void ThrowException(Exceptions::ExceptionType type, const char* msg);

  // Write a version string for the snapshot.
  void WriteVersionAndFeatures();

  int32_t GetInstructionsId(RawInstructions* instructions, RawCode* code) {
    return instructions_writer_->GetOffsetFor(instructions, code);
  }

  int32_t GetObjectId(RawObject* raw) {
    return instructions_writer_->GetObjectOffsetFor(raw);
  }

  void WriteFunctionId(RawFunction* func, bool owner_is_class);

  RawFunction* IsSerializableClosure(RawClosure* closure);

  void WriteStaticImplicitClosure(intptr_t object_id,
                                  RawFunction* func,
                                  intptr_t tags);

 protected:
  bool CheckAndWritePredefinedObject(RawObject* raw);
  bool HandleVMIsolateObject(RawObject* raw);

  void WriteClassId(RawClass* cls);
  void WriteObjectImpl(RawObject* raw, bool as_reference);
  void WriteMarkedObjectImpl(RawObject* raw,
                             intptr_t tags,
                             intptr_t object_id,
                             bool as_reference);
  void WriteForwardedObjects();
  void ArrayWriteTo(intptr_t object_id,
                    intptr_t array_kind,
                    intptr_t tags,
                    RawSmi* length,
                    RawTypeArguments* type_arguments,
                    RawObject* data[],
                    bool as_reference);
  RawClass* GetFunctionOwner(RawFunction* func);
  void CheckForNativeFields(RawClass* cls);
  void SetWriteException(Exceptions::ExceptionType type, const char* msg);
  void WriteInstance(RawObject* raw,
                     RawClass* cls,
                     intptr_t tags,
                     intptr_t object_id,
                     bool as_reference);
  bool AllowObjectsInDartLibrary(RawLibrary* library);
  intptr_t FindVmSnapshotObject(RawObject* rawobj);

  ObjectStore* object_store() const { return object_store_; }

 private:
  Thread* thread_;
  Snapshot::Kind kind_;
  ObjectStore* object_store_;  // Object store for common classes.
  ClassTable* class_table_;  // Class table for the class index to class lookup.
  ForwardList* forward_list_;
  InstructionsWriter* instructions_writer_;
  Exceptions::ExceptionType exception_type_;  // Exception type.
  const char* exception_msg_;  // Message associated with exception.
  bool unmarked_objects_;  // True if marked objects have been unmarked.
  bool can_send_any_object_;  // True if any Dart instance can be sent.
  bool writing_vm_isolate_;

  friend class FullSnapshotWriter;
  friend class RawArray;
  friend class RawClass;
  friend class RawClosureData;
  friend class RawCode;
  friend class RawContextScope;
  friend class RawExceptionHandlers;
  friend class RawField;
  friend class RawFunction;
  friend class RawGrowableObjectArray;
  friend class RawImmutableArray;
  friend class RawInstructions;
  friend class RawLibrary;
  friend class RawLinkedHashMap;
  friend class RawLiteralToken;
  friend class RawLocalVarDescriptors;
  friend class RawMirrorReference;
  friend class RawObjectPool;
  friend class RawReceivePort;
  friend class RawRegExp;
  friend class RawScript;
  friend class RawStacktrace;
  friend class RawSubtypeTestCache;
  friend class RawTokenStream;
  friend class RawType;
  friend class RawTypeArguments;
  friend class RawTypeParameter;
  friend class RawUserTag;
  friend class SnapshotWriterVisitor;
  friend class WriteInlinedObjectVisitor;
  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(SnapshotWriter);
};


class FullSnapshotWriter {
 public:
  static const intptr_t kInitialSize = 64 * KB;
  FullSnapshotWriter(Snapshot::Kind kind,
                     uint8_t** vm_isolate_snapshot_buffer,
                     uint8_t** isolate_snapshot_buffer,
                     ReAlloc alloc,
                     InstructionsWriter* instructions_writer);
  ~FullSnapshotWriter();

  uint8_t** vm_isolate_snapshot_buffer() {
    return vm_isolate_snapshot_buffer_;
  }

  uint8_t** isolate_snapshot_buffer() {
    return isolate_snapshot_buffer_;
  }

  Thread* thread() const { return thread_; }
  Zone* zone() const { return thread_->zone(); }
  Isolate* isolate() const { return thread_->isolate(); }
  Heap* heap() const { return isolate()->heap(); }

  // Writes a full snapshot of the Isolate.
  void WriteFullSnapshot();

  intptr_t VmIsolateSnapshotSize() const {
    return vm_isolate_snapshot_size_;
  }
  intptr_t IsolateSnapshotSize() const {
    return isolate_snapshot_size_;
  }

 private:
  // Writes a snapshot of the VM Isolate.
  void WriteVmIsolateSnapshot();

  // Writes a full snapshot of a regular Dart Isolate.
  void WriteIsolateFullSnapshot();

  Thread* thread_;
  Snapshot::Kind kind_;
  uint8_t** vm_isolate_snapshot_buffer_;
  uint8_t** isolate_snapshot_buffer_;
  ReAlloc alloc_;
  intptr_t vm_isolate_snapshot_size_;
  intptr_t isolate_snapshot_size_;
  ForwardList* forward_list_;
  InstructionsWriter* instructions_writer_;
  Array& scripts_;
  Array& saved_symbol_table_;
  Array& new_vm_symbol_table_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(FullSnapshotWriter);
};


class ScriptSnapshotWriter : public SnapshotWriter {
 public:
  static const intptr_t kInitialSize = 64 * KB;
  ScriptSnapshotWriter(uint8_t** buffer, ReAlloc alloc);
  ~ScriptSnapshotWriter() { }

  // Writes a partial snapshot of the script.
  void WriteScriptSnapshot(const Library& lib);

 private:
  ForwardList forward_list_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScriptSnapshotWriter);
};


class MessageWriter : public SnapshotWriter {
 public:
  static const intptr_t kInitialSize = 512;
  MessageWriter(uint8_t** buffer, ReAlloc alloc, bool can_send_any_object);
  ~MessageWriter() { }

  void WriteMessage(const Object& obj);

 private:
  ForwardList forward_list_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(MessageWriter);
};


// An object pointer visitor implementation which writes out
// objects to a snap shot.
class SnapshotWriterVisitor : public ObjectPointerVisitor {
 public:
  SnapshotWriterVisitor(SnapshotWriter* writer, bool as_references)
      : ObjectPointerVisitor(Isolate::Current()),
        writer_(writer),
        as_references_(as_references) {}

  virtual void VisitPointers(RawObject** first, RawObject** last);

 private:
  SnapshotWriter* writer_;
  bool as_references_;

  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(SnapshotWriterVisitor);
};

}  // namespace dart

#endif  // VM_SNAPSHOT_H_