docs/language/dart.sty - sdk.git - Git at Google

 \def\builtinId#1{\textsf{\textbf{#1}}}
 \def\keyword#1{\textsf{\textbf{#1}}}
 \def\metavar#1{\ensuremath{\mathit{#1}}}

 \def\ABSTRACT{\builtinId{abstract}}
 \def\AS{\builtinId{as}}
 \def\COVARIANT{\builtinId{covariant}}
 \def\DEFERRED{\builtinId{deferred}}
 \def\DYNAMIC{\builtinId{dynamic}}
 \def\EXPORT{\builtinId{export}}
 \def\EXTERNAL{\builtinId{external}}
 \def\FACTORY{\builtinId{factory}}
 \def\FUNCTION{\builtinId{Function}}
 \def\GET{\builtinId{get}}
 \def\IMPLEMENTS{\builtinId{implements}}
 \def\IMPORT{\builtinId{import}}
 \def\INTERFACE{\builtinId{interface}}
 \def\LIBRARY{\builtinId{library}}
 \def\MIXIN{\builtinId{mixin}}
 \def\OPERATOR{\builtinId{operator}}
 \def\PART{\builtinId{part}}
 \def\SET{\builtinId{set}}
 \def\STATIC{\builtinId{static}}
 \def\TYPEDEF{\builtinId{typedef}}

 \def\ASSERT{\keyword{assert}}
 \def\ASYNC{\keyword{async}}
 \def\AWAIT{\keyword{await}}
 \def\BREAK{\keyword{break}}
 \def\CASE{\keyword{case}}
 \def\CATCH{\keyword{catch}}
 \def\CLASS{\keyword{class}}
 \def\CONST{\keyword{const}}
 \def\CONTINUE{\keyword{continue}}
 \def\DEFAULT{\keyword{default}}
 \def\DO{\keyword{do}}
 \def\ELSE{\keyword{else}}
 \def\ENUM{\keyword{enum}}
 \def\EXTENDS{\keyword{extends}}
 \def\FALSE{\keyword{false}}
 \def\FINAL{\keyword{final}}
 \def\FINALLY{\keyword{finally}}
 \def\FOR{\keyword{for}}
 \def\HIDE{\keyword{hide}}
 \def\IF{\keyword{if}}
 \def\IN{\keyword{in}}
 \def\IS{\keyword{is}}
 \def\NEW{\keyword{new}}
 \def\NULL{\keyword{null}}
 \def\OF{\keyword{of}}
 \def\ON{\keyword{on}}
 \def\RETHROW{\keyword{rethrow}}
 \def\RETURN{\keyword{return}}
 \def\SHOW{\keyword{show}}
 \def\SUPER{\keyword{super}}
 \def\SWITCH{\keyword{switch}}
 \def\SYNC{\keyword{sync}}
 \def\THIS{\keyword{this}}
 \def\THROW{\keyword{throw}}
 \def\TRUE{\keyword{true}}
 \def\TRY{\keyword{try}}
 \def\VAR{\keyword{var}}
 \def\VOID{\keyword{void}}
 \def\WHILE{\keyword{while}}
 \def\WITH{\keyword{with}}
 \def\YIELD{\keyword{yield}}

 % Used for inline code snippets.
 \def\code#1{\texttt{#1}}

 % `call` has no special lexical status, so we just use \code{}.
 \def\CALL{\code{call}}

 % Define commands for `<<`, `>>`, `>>>` that avoid introducing guillemets.
 \def\ltlt{<\mbox <}
 \def\gtgt{>\mbox >}
 \def\gtgtgt{>\mbox >\mbox >}

 % Used as line break in the right hand side of a grammar
 % alternative, that is, when starting a "continuation line".
 \newcommand{\gnewline}{\leavevmode\\}

 % Metavariables for argument lists.
 \newcommand{\argumentList}[1]{\metavar{{#1}s}}
 \newcommand{\parameterList}[1]{\metavar{{#1}s}}

 % Colors used for for different kinds of text.
 \definecolor{normativeColor}{rgb}{0,0,0}
 \definecolor{commentaryColor}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
 \definecolor{rationaleColor}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}

 % Environments for different kinds of text.
 \newenvironment{Q}[1]{{\bf{}Upcoming: {#1}}}{}
 \newenvironment{rationale}[1]{{\color{rationaleColor}\it{#1}}}{}
 \newenvironment{commentary}[1]{{\color{commentaryColor}\sf{#1}}}{}

 % Auxiliary functions.
 \newcommand{\flatten}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\it flatten}({#1})}}
 \newcommand{\futureOrBase}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\it futureOrBase}({#1})}}
 \newcommand{\overrides}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\it overrides}({#1})}}
 \newcommand{\inherited}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\it inherited}({#1})}}

 % Used as a mini-section marker, indicating visibly that a range of
 % text (usually just a couple of paragraphs) are concerned with one
 % specific topic in a list of similar topics (like many forms of
 % expressions of a similar nature).
 \newcommand{\Case}[1]{\textbf{Case }$\langle\hspace{0.1em}${#1}$\hspace{0.1em}\rangle$\textbf{.}}
 \newcommand{\EndCase}{\mbox{}\hfill$\scriptscriptstyle\Box$\xspace}

 \newenvironment{dartCode}[1][!ht] {%
   \def\@programcr{\@addfield\strut}%
   \let\\=\@programcr%
   \relax\@vobeyspaces\obeylines%
   \ttfamily\color{commentaryColor}%
   \vspace{1em}%
 }{\normalcolor\vspace{1em}}

 \newenvironment{normativeDartCode}[1][!ht] {%
   \def\@programcr{\@addfield\strut}%
   \let\\=\@programcr%
   \relax\@vobeyspaces\obeylines%
   \ttfamily\color{normativeColor}%
   \vspace{1em}%
 }{\normalcolor\vspace{1em}}

 % Used for comments in a code context.
 \def\comment#1{\textsf{#1}}

 % A commonly used metavariable for an identifier, operator.
 \newcommand{\id}{\metavar{id}}
 \newcommand{\op}{\metavar{op}}

 % Used for defining occurrence of phrase, with customized index entry.
 \newcommand{\IndexCustom}[2]{%
   \leavevmode\marginpar{\ensuremath{\diamond}}\emph{#1}\index{#2}}

 % Used when one concept should have >1 entry in the index. Does not add
 % the diamond in the margin and shows no text where the command occurs.
 % Intended to be used immediately after another \Index... command.
 \newcommand{\IndexExtraEntry}[1]{\index{#1}}

 % Used for a defining occurrence of a phrase, adding it to the index.
 \newcommand{\Index}[1]{\IndexCustom{#1}{#1}}

 % Same appearance, but not adding an entry to the index.
 \newcommand{\NoIndex}[1]{%
   \leavevmode\marginpar{\ensuremath{\diamond}}\emph{#1}}

 % Used to specify comma separated lists of similar symbols.
 \newcommand{\List}[3]{\ensuremath{{#1}_{#2},\,\ldots,\ {#1}_{#3}}}

 % Used to specify comma separated lists of pairs of similar symbols,
 % as needed, e.g., for declarations of formal parameters.
 % Parameters: Name of first part of pair, name of second part,
 % index at start, index at end.
 \newcommand{\PairList}[4]{\ensuremath{%
   {#1}_{#3}\ {#2}_{#3},\,\ldots,\ {#1}_{#4}\ {#2}_{#4}}}

 % Used to specify comma separated lists of triples of similar symbols,
 % as needed, e.g., for declarations of formal parameters with defaults.
 % Parameters: Name of first part of triple, name of second part,
 % name of third part, index at start, index at end.
 \newcommand{\TripleList}[5]{\ensuremath{%
   {#1}_{#4}\ {#2}_{#4}\ {#3}_{#4},\,\ldots,\ {#1}_{#5}\ {#2}_{#5}\ {#3}_{#5}}}

 % Used to abbreviate \EXTENDS{} in function types.
 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeExtends}{\ensuremath{\triangleleft}}

 % Used to specify comma separated lists of pairs of symbols
 % separated by \EXTENDS{}, as needed for type parameter declarations.
 % Parameters: Type parameter name, bound name, number of type parameters.
 \newcommand{\TypeParameters}[3]{\ensuremath{%
   {#1}_1\,\EXTENDS\,{#2}_1,\,\ldots,\ %
   {#1}_{#3}\,\EXTENDS\,{#2}_{#3}}}

 % Used to specify comma separated lists of symbols followed by
 % \EXTENDS{}, as needed for type parameter declarations where we do
 % not intend to refer explicitly to the bounds.
 % Parameters: Type parameter name, number of type parameters.
 \newcommand{\TypeParametersNoBounds}[2]{\ensuremath{%
   {#1}_1\,\EXTENDS\,\ldots,\ \ldots,\ {#1}_{#2}\,\EXTENDS\,\ldots}}

 % For consistency, we may as well use this whenever possible.
 \newcommand{\TypeParametersStd}{\TypeParameters{X}{B}{s}}

 % Used to specify comma separated lists of pairs of symbols
 % separated by \EXTENDS{}, as needed for type parameter declarations.
 % Parameters: Type parameter name, bound name, number of type parameters.
 \newcommand{\FTTypeParameters}[3]{\ensuremath{%
   {#1}_1\FunctionTypeExtends{#2}_1,\,\ldots,\ %
   {#1}_{#3}\FunctionTypeExtends{#2}_{#3}}}

 % Used to specify simple non-generic function types: Same syntax as in source.
 % Arguments: Return type, formal parameter declarations.
 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeSimple}[2]{\code{\ensuremath{#1}\ \FUNCTION({#2})}}

 % Used to specify simple generic function types: Same syntax as in source.
 % Arguments: Return type, formal parameter declarations.
 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeSimpleGeneric}[3]{\code{%
   \ensuremath{#1}\ \FUNCTION<{#2}>({#3})}}

 % Used to specify function types: Same syntax as in source.
 % Arguments: Return type, spacer, type parameter name, bound name,
 %   number of type parameters, formal parameter declarations.
 \newcommand{\FunctionType}[6]{\leavevmode\par\noindent\code{%
   \ensuremath{#1}{#2}\FUNCTION<\FTTypeParameters{#3}{#4}{#5}>({#6})}}

 % Same as \FunctionType except suitable for inline usage, hence omitting
 % the spacer argument.
 \newcommand{\RawFunctionType}[5]{\code{%
   \ensuremath{#1}\ \FUNCTION<\FTTypeParameters{#2}{#3}{#4}>({#5})}}

 % Used to specify function type parameter lists with positional optionals.
 % Arguments: Parameter type, number of required parameters,
 % number of optional parameters.
 \newcommand{\FunctionTypePositionalArguments}[3]{%
   \List{#1}{1}{#2},\ [\List{#1}{{#2}+1}{{#2}+{#3}}]}

 \newcommand{\FunctionTypePositionalArgumentsStd}{%
   \FunctionTypePositionalArguments{T}{n}{k}}

 % Used to specify function types with positional optionals:
 % Arguments: Return type, spacer, type parameter name, bound name,
 %   number of type parameters, parameter type, number of required parameters,
 %   number of optional parameters.
 \newcommand{\FunctionTypePositional}[8]{%
   \FunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{%
     \FunctionTypePositionalArguments{#6}{#7}{#8}}}

 % Same as \FunctionTypePositional except suitable for inline usage,
 % hence omitting the spacer argument.
 \newcommand{\RawFunctionTypePositional}[7]{%
   \RawFunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{%
     \FunctionTypePositionalArguments{#5}{#6}{#7}}}

 % Used to specify function type parameter lists with named optionals.
 % Arguments: Parameter type, number of required parameters,
 % name of optional parameters, number of optional parameters.
 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamedArguments}[4]{%
   \List{#1}{1}{#2},\ \{\PairList{#1}{#3}{{#2}+1}{{#2}+{#4}}\}}

 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamedArgumentsStd}{%
   \FunctionTypeNamedArguments{T}{n}{x}{k}}

 % Used to specify function types with named parameters:
 % Arguments: Return type, spacer, type parameter name, bound name,
 %   number of type parameters, parameter type, number of required parameters,
 %   name of optional parameters, number of optional parameters.
 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamed}[9]{%
   \FunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{%
     \FunctionTypeNamedArguments{#6}{#7}{#8}{#9}}}

 % Same as \FunctionType except suitable for inline usage, hence omitting
 % the spacer argument.
 \newcommand{\RawFunctionTypeNamed}[8]{%
   \RawFunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{%
     \FunctionTypeNamedArguments{#5}{#6}{#7}{#8}}}

 % Used to specify function types with no optional parameters:
 % Arguments: Return type, spacer, type parameter name, bound name,
 %   number of type parameters, parameter type,
 %   number of parameters (all required).
 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeAllRequired}[7]{%
   \FunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{\List{#6}{1}{#7}}}

 \newcommand{\FunctionTypePositionalStd}[1]{%
   \FunctionTypePositional{#1}{ }{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{k}}

 \newcommand{\RawFunctionTypePositionalStd}[1]{%
   \RawFunctionTypePositional{#1}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{k}}

 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamedStd}[1]{%
   \FunctionTypeNamed{#1}{ }{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{x}{k}}

 \newcommand{\RawFunctionTypeNamedStd}[1]{%
   \RawFunctionTypeNamed{#1}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{x}{k}}

 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeAllRequiredStd}[1]{%
   \FunctionTypeAllRequired{#1}{ }{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}}

 \newcommand{\FunctionTypePositionalStdCr}[1]{%
   \FunctionTypePositional{#1}{\\}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{k}}

 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamedStdCr}[1]{%
   \FunctionTypeNamed{#1}{\\}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{x}{k}}

 \newcommand{\FunctionTypeAllRequiredStdCr}[1]{%
   \FunctionTypeAllRequired{#1}{\\}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}}

 \newcommand{\MoreSignatureSpecificSymbol}{\ensuremath{\preceq}}
 \newcommand{\NotMoreSignatureSpecificSymbol}{\ensuremath{\not\preceq}}
 \newcommand{\LessSignatureSpecificSymbol}{\ensuremath{\succeq}}

 \newcommand{\MoreSignatureSpecific}[2]{%
   \ensuremath{{#1}\MoreSignatureSpecificSymbol{#2}}}
 \newcommand{\NotMoreSignatureSpecific}[2]{%
   \ensuremath{{#1}\NotMoreSignatureSpecificSymbol{#2}}}

 % Judgment expressing that a subtype relation exists.
 \newcommand{\Subtype}[3]{\ensuremath{{#1}\vdash{#2}\,<:\,{#3}}}
 \newcommand{\SubtypeStd}[2]{\Subtype{\Gamma}{#1}{#2}}
 % Subtype judgment where the environment is omitted (NE: "no environment").
 \newcommand{\SubtypeNE}[2]{\ensuremath{{#1}\,<:\,{#2}}}

 % Judgment expressing that a supertype relation exists.
 \newcommand{\Supertype}[3]{\ensuremath{{#1}\vdash{#2}\,:>\,{#3}}}
 \newcommand{\SupertypeStd}[2]{\Supertype{\Gamma}{#1}{#2}}

 % Judgment expressing that an assignability relation exists.
 \newcommand{\AssignableRelationSymbol}{\ensuremath{\Longleftrightarrow}}
 \newcommand{\Assignable}[3]{%
   \ensuremath{{#1}\vdash{#2}\,\AssignableRelationSymbol\,{#3}}}
 \newcommand{\AssignableStd}[2]{\Assignable{\Gamma}{#1}{#2}}

 % Semantic function delivering the superinterfaces of a class.
 \newcommand{\Superinterfaces}[1]{\ensuremath{\metavar{Superinterfaces}({#1})}}
 \newcommand{\Superinterface}[2]{{#1}\in\Superinterfaces{#2}}

 % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 % Support for hash valued Location Markers

 % very small font, to enable 40 char hash values in the margin
 \makeatletter
 \ifcase \@ptsize \relax% 10pt
   \newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{2}{3}}% \tiny: 5/6
 \or% 11pt
   \newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{3}{4}}% \tiny: 6/7
 \or% 12pt
   \newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{3}{4}}% \tiny: 6/7
 \fi
 \makeatother

 % white: location markers should not create visual noise
 \definecolor{LMdim}{gray}{1.0}

 % insert location marker showing hash value of following paragraph
 \newcommand{\LMHash}[1]{\leavevmode\marginpar{\quad%
     \raisebox{0.5ex}{\miniscule{\color{LMdim}#1}}\vspace{-2\baselineskip}}%
   \color{normativeColor}}

 % support convenient renewcommand
 \let\OriginalLMHash\LMHash

 % define a label, and show the associated logical location marker
 \newcommand{\LMLabel}[1]{%
   \vspace{-\baselineskip}\leavevmode\OriginalLMHash{\raisebox{10ex}{#1}}%
   \label{#1}}
 % ----------------------------------------------------------------------
	\def\builtinId#1{\textsf{\textbf{#1}}}
	\def\keyword#1{\textsf{\textbf{#1}}}
	\def\metavar#1{\ensuremath{\mathit{#1}}}

	\def\ABSTRACT{\builtinId{abstract}}
	\def\AS{\builtinId{as}}
	\def\COVARIANT{\builtinId{covariant}}
	\def\DEFERRED{\builtinId{deferred}}
	\def\DYNAMIC{\builtinId{dynamic}}
	\def\EXPORT{\builtinId{export}}
	\def\EXTERNAL{\builtinId{external}}
	\def\FACTORY{\builtinId{factory}}
	\def\FUNCTION{\builtinId{Function}}
	\def\GET{\builtinId{get}}
	\def\IMPLEMENTS{\builtinId{implements}}
	\def\IMPORT{\builtinId{import}}
	\def\INTERFACE{\builtinId{interface}}
	\def\LIBRARY{\builtinId{library}}
	\def\MIXIN{\builtinId{mixin}}
	\def\OPERATOR{\builtinId{operator}}
	\def\PART{\builtinId{part}}
	\def\SET{\builtinId{set}}
	\def\STATIC{\builtinId{static}}
	\def\TYPEDEF{\builtinId{typedef}}

	\def\ASSERT{\keyword{assert}}
	\def\ASYNC{\keyword{async}}
	\def\AWAIT{\keyword{await}}
	\def\BREAK{\keyword{break}}
	\def\CASE{\keyword{case}}
	\def\CATCH{\keyword{catch}}
	\def\CLASS{\keyword{class}}
	\def\CONST{\keyword{const}}
	\def\CONTINUE{\keyword{continue}}
	\def\DEFAULT{\keyword{default}}
	\def\DO{\keyword{do}}
	\def\ELSE{\keyword{else}}
	\def\ENUM{\keyword{enum}}
	\def\EXTENDS{\keyword{extends}}
	\def\FALSE{\keyword{false}}
	\def\FINAL{\keyword{final}}
	\def\FINALLY{\keyword{finally}}
	\def\FOR{\keyword{for}}
	\def\HIDE{\keyword{hide}}
	\def\IF{\keyword{if}}
	\def\IN{\keyword{in}}
	\def\IS{\keyword{is}}
	\def\NEW{\keyword{new}}
	\def\NULL{\keyword{null}}
	\def\OF{\keyword{of}}
	\def\ON{\keyword{on}}
	\def\RETHROW{\keyword{rethrow}}
	\def\RETURN{\keyword{return}}
	\def\SHOW{\keyword{show}}
	\def\SUPER{\keyword{super}}
	\def\SWITCH{\keyword{switch}}
	\def\SYNC{\keyword{sync}}
	\def\THIS{\keyword{this}}
	\def\THROW{\keyword{throw}}
	\def\TRUE{\keyword{true}}
	\def\TRY{\keyword{try}}
	\def\VAR{\keyword{var}}
	\def\VOID{\keyword{void}}
	\def\WHILE{\keyword{while}}
	\def\WITH{\keyword{with}}
	\def\YIELD{\keyword{yield}}

	% Used for inline code snippets.
	\def\code#1{\texttt{#1}}

	% `call` has no special lexical status, so we just use \code{}.
	\def\CALL{\code{call}}

	% Define commands for `<<`, `>>`, `>>>` that avoid introducing guillemets.
	\def\ltlt{<\mbox <}
	\def\gtgt{>\mbox >}
	\def\gtgtgt{>\mbox >\mbox >}

	% Used as line break in the right hand side of a grammar
	% alternative, that is, when starting a "continuation line".
	\newcommand{\gnewline}{\leavevmode\\}

	% Metavariables for argument lists.
	\newcommand{\argumentList}[1]{\metavar{{#1}s}}
	\newcommand{\parameterList}[1]{\metavar{{#1}s}}

	% Colors used for for different kinds of text.
	\definecolor{normativeColor}{rgb}{0,0,0}
	\definecolor{commentaryColor}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
	\definecolor{rationaleColor}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}

	% Environments for different kinds of text.
	\newenvironment{Q}[1]{{\bf{}Upcoming: {#1}}}{}
	\newenvironment{rationale}[1]{{\color{rationaleColor}\it{#1}}}{}
	\newenvironment{commentary}[1]{{\color{commentaryColor}\sf{#1}}}{}

	% Auxiliary functions.
	\newcommand{\flatten}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\it flatten}({#1})}}
	\newcommand{\futureOrBase}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\it futureOrBase}({#1})}}
	\newcommand{\overrides}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\it overrides}({#1})}}
	\newcommand{\inherited}[1]{\ensuremath{\mbox{\it inherited}({#1})}}

	% Used as a mini-section marker, indicating visibly that a range of
	% text (usually just a couple of paragraphs) are concerned with one
	% specific topic in a list of similar topics (like many forms of
	% expressions of a similar nature).
	\newcommand{\Case}[1]{\textbf{Case }$\langle\hspace{0.1em}${#1}$\hspace{0.1em}\rangle$\textbf{.}}
	\newcommand{\EndCase}{\mbox{}\hfill$\scriptscriptstyle\Box$\xspace}

	\newenvironment{dartCode}[1][!ht] {%
	\def\@programcr{\@addfield\strut}%
	\let\\=\@programcr%
	\relax\@vobeyspaces\obeylines%
	\ttfamily\color{commentaryColor}%
	\vspace{1em}%
	}{\normalcolor\vspace{1em}}

	\newenvironment{normativeDartCode}[1][!ht] {%
	\def\@programcr{\@addfield\strut}%
	\let\\=\@programcr%
	\relax\@vobeyspaces\obeylines%
	\ttfamily\color{normativeColor}%
	\vspace{1em}%
	}{\normalcolor\vspace{1em}}

	% Used for comments in a code context.
	\def\comment#1{\textsf{#1}}

	% A commonly used metavariable for an identifier, operator.
	\newcommand{\id}{\metavar{id}}
	\newcommand{\op}{\metavar{op}}

	% Used for defining occurrence of phrase, with customized index entry.
	\newcommand{\IndexCustom}[2]{%
	\leavevmode\marginpar{\ensuremath{\diamond}}\emph{#1}\index{#2}}

	% Used when one concept should have >1 entry in the index. Does not add
	% the diamond in the margin and shows no text where the command occurs.
	% Intended to be used immediately after another \Index... command.
	\newcommand{\IndexExtraEntry}[1]{\index{#1}}

	% Used for a defining occurrence of a phrase, adding it to the index.
	\newcommand{\Index}[1]{\IndexCustom{#1}{#1}}

	% Same appearance, but not adding an entry to the index.
	\newcommand{\NoIndex}[1]{%
	\leavevmode\marginpar{\ensuremath{\diamond}}\emph{#1}}

	% Used to specify comma separated lists of similar symbols.
	\newcommand{\List}[3]{\ensuremath{{#1}_{#2},\,\ldots,\ {#1}_{#3}}}

	% Used to specify comma separated lists of pairs of similar symbols,
	% as needed, e.g., for declarations of formal parameters.
	% Parameters: Name of first part of pair, name of second part,
	% index at start, index at end.
	\newcommand{\PairList}[4]{\ensuremath{%
	{#1}_{#3}\ {#2}_{#3},\,\ldots,\ {#1}_{#4}\ {#2}_{#4}}}

	% Used to specify comma separated lists of triples of similar symbols,
	% as needed, e.g., for declarations of formal parameters with defaults.
	% Parameters: Name of first part of triple, name of second part,
	% name of third part, index at start, index at end.
	\newcommand{\TripleList}[5]{\ensuremath{%
	{#1}_{#4}\ {#2}_{#4}\ {#3}_{#4},\,\ldots,\ {#1}_{#5}\ {#2}_{#5}\ {#3}_{#5}}}

	% Used to abbreviate \EXTENDS{} in function types.
	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeExtends}{\ensuremath{\triangleleft}}

	% Used to specify comma separated lists of pairs of symbols
	% separated by \EXTENDS{}, as needed for type parameter declarations.
	% Parameters: Type parameter name, bound name, number of type parameters.
	\newcommand{\TypeParameters}[3]{\ensuremath{%
	{#1}_1\,\EXTENDS\,{#2}_1,\,\ldots,\ %
	{#1}_{#3}\,\EXTENDS\,{#2}_{#3}}}

	% Used to specify comma separated lists of symbols followed by
	% \EXTENDS{}, as needed for type parameter declarations where we do
	% not intend to refer explicitly to the bounds.
	% Parameters: Type parameter name, number of type parameters.
	\newcommand{\TypeParametersNoBounds}[2]{\ensuremath{%
	{#1}_1\,\EXTENDS\,\ldots,\ \ldots,\ {#1}_{#2}\,\EXTENDS\,\ldots}}

	% For consistency, we may as well use this whenever possible.
	\newcommand{\TypeParametersStd}{\TypeParameters{X}{B}{s}}

	% Used to specify comma separated lists of pairs of symbols
	% separated by \EXTENDS{}, as needed for type parameter declarations.
	% Parameters: Type parameter name, bound name, number of type parameters.
	\newcommand{\FTTypeParameters}[3]{\ensuremath{%
	{#1}_1\FunctionTypeExtends{#2}_1,\,\ldots,\ %
	{#1}_{#3}\FunctionTypeExtends{#2}_{#3}}}

	% Used to specify simple non-generic function types: Same syntax as in source.
	% Arguments: Return type, formal parameter declarations.
	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeSimple}[2]{\code{\ensuremath{#1}\ \FUNCTION({#2})}}

	% Used to specify simple generic function types: Same syntax as in source.
	% Arguments: Return type, formal parameter declarations.
	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeSimpleGeneric}[3]{\code{%
	\ensuremath{#1}\ \FUNCTION<{#2}>({#3})}}

	% Used to specify function types: Same syntax as in source.
	% Arguments: Return type, spacer, type parameter name, bound name,
	% number of type parameters, formal parameter declarations.
	\newcommand{\FunctionType}[6]{\leavevmode\par\noindent\code{%
	\ensuremath{#1}{#2}\FUNCTION<\FTTypeParameters{#3}{#4}{#5}>({#6})}}

	% Same as \FunctionType except suitable for inline usage, hence omitting
	% the spacer argument.
	\newcommand{\RawFunctionType}[5]{\code{%
	\ensuremath{#1}\ \FUNCTION<\FTTypeParameters{#2}{#3}{#4}>({#5})}}

	% Used to specify function type parameter lists with positional optionals.
	% Arguments: Parameter type, number of required parameters,
	% number of optional parameters.
	\newcommand{\FunctionTypePositionalArguments}[3]{%
	\List{#1}{1}{#2},\ [\List{#1}{{#2}+1}{{#2}+{#3}}]}

	\newcommand{\FunctionTypePositionalArgumentsStd}{%
	\FunctionTypePositionalArguments{T}{n}{k}}

	% Used to specify function types with positional optionals:
	% Arguments: Return type, spacer, type parameter name, bound name,
	% number of type parameters, parameter type, number of required parameters,
	% number of optional parameters.
	\newcommand{\FunctionTypePositional}[8]{%
	\FunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{%
	\FunctionTypePositionalArguments{#6}{#7}{#8}}}

	% Same as \FunctionTypePositional except suitable for inline usage,
	% hence omitting the spacer argument.
	\newcommand{\RawFunctionTypePositional}[7]{%
	\RawFunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{%
	\FunctionTypePositionalArguments{#5}{#6}{#7}}}

	% Used to specify function type parameter lists with named optionals.
	% Arguments: Parameter type, number of required parameters,
	% name of optional parameters, number of optional parameters.
	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamedArguments}[4]{%
	\List{#1}{1}{#2},\ \{\PairList{#1}{#3}{{#2}+1}{{#2}+{#4}}\}}

	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamedArgumentsStd}{%
	\FunctionTypeNamedArguments{T}{n}{x}{k}}

	% Used to specify function types with named parameters:
	% Arguments: Return type, spacer, type parameter name, bound name,
	% number of type parameters, parameter type, number of required parameters,
	% name of optional parameters, number of optional parameters.
	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamed}[9]{%
	\FunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{%
	\FunctionTypeNamedArguments{#6}{#7}{#8}{#9}}}

	% Same as \FunctionType except suitable for inline usage, hence omitting
	% the spacer argument.
	\newcommand{\RawFunctionTypeNamed}[8]{%
	\RawFunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{%
	\FunctionTypeNamedArguments{#5}{#6}{#7}{#8}}}

	% Used to specify function types with no optional parameters:
	% Arguments: Return type, spacer, type parameter name, bound name,
	% number of type parameters, parameter type,
	% number of parameters (all required).
	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeAllRequired}[7]{%
	\FunctionType{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{\List{#6}{1}{#7}}}

	\newcommand{\FunctionTypePositionalStd}[1]{%
	\FunctionTypePositional{#1}{ }{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{k}}

	\newcommand{\RawFunctionTypePositionalStd}[1]{%
	\RawFunctionTypePositional{#1}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{k}}

	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamedStd}[1]{%
	\FunctionTypeNamed{#1}{ }{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{x}{k}}

	\newcommand{\RawFunctionTypeNamedStd}[1]{%
	\RawFunctionTypeNamed{#1}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{x}{k}}

	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeAllRequiredStd}[1]{%
	\FunctionTypeAllRequired{#1}{ }{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}}

	\newcommand{\FunctionTypePositionalStdCr}[1]{%
	\FunctionTypePositional{#1}{\\}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{k}}

	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeNamedStdCr}[1]{%
	\FunctionTypeNamed{#1}{\\}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}{x}{k}}

	\newcommand{\FunctionTypeAllRequiredStdCr}[1]{%
	\FunctionTypeAllRequired{#1}{\\}{X}{B}{s}{T}{n}}

	\newcommand{\MoreSignatureSpecificSymbol}{\ensuremath{\preceq}}
	\newcommand{\NotMoreSignatureSpecificSymbol}{\ensuremath{\not\preceq}}
	\newcommand{\LessSignatureSpecificSymbol}{\ensuremath{\succeq}}

	\newcommand{\MoreSignatureSpecific}[2]{%
	\ensuremath{{#1}\MoreSignatureSpecificSymbol{#2}}}
	\newcommand{\NotMoreSignatureSpecific}[2]{%
	\ensuremath{{#1}\NotMoreSignatureSpecificSymbol{#2}}}

	% Judgment expressing that a subtype relation exists.
	\newcommand{\Subtype}[3]{\ensuremath{{#1}\vdash{#2}\,<:\,{#3}}}
	\newcommand{\SubtypeStd}[2]{\Subtype{\Gamma}{#1}{#2}}
	% Subtype judgment where the environment is omitted (NE: "no environment").
	\newcommand{\SubtypeNE}[2]{\ensuremath{{#1}\,<:\,{#2}}}

	% Judgment expressing that a supertype relation exists.
	\newcommand{\Supertype}[3]{\ensuremath{{#1}\vdash{#2}\,:>\,{#3}}}
	\newcommand{\SupertypeStd}[2]{\Supertype{\Gamma}{#1}{#2}}

	% Judgment expressing that an assignability relation exists.
	\newcommand{\AssignableRelationSymbol}{\ensuremath{\Longleftrightarrow}}
	\newcommand{\Assignable}[3]{%
	\ensuremath{{#1}\vdash{#2}\,\AssignableRelationSymbol\,{#3}}}
	\newcommand{\AssignableStd}[2]{\Assignable{\Gamma}{#1}{#2}}

	% Semantic function delivering the superinterfaces of a class.
	\newcommand{\Superinterfaces}[1]{\ensuremath{\metavar{Superinterfaces}({#1})}}
	\newcommand{\Superinterface}[2]{{#1}\in\Superinterfaces{#2}}

	% ----------------------------------------------------------------------
	% Support for hash valued Location Markers

	% very small font, to enable 40 char hash values in the margin
	\makeatletter
	\ifcase \@ptsize \relax% 10pt
	\newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{2}{3}}% \tiny: 5/6
	\or% 11pt
	\newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{3}{4}}% \tiny: 6/7
	\or% 12pt
	\newcommand{\miniscule}{\@setfontsize\miniscule{3}{4}}% \tiny: 6/7
	\fi
	\makeatother

	% white: location markers should not create visual noise
	\definecolor{LMdim}{gray}{1.0}

	% insert location marker showing hash value of following paragraph
	\newcommand{\LMHash}[1]{\leavevmode\marginpar{\quad%
	\raisebox{0.5ex}{\miniscule{\color{LMdim}#1}}\vspace{-2\baselineskip}}%
	\color{normativeColor}}

	% support convenient renewcommand
	\let\OriginalLMHash\LMHash

	% define a label, and show the associated logical location marker
	\newcommand{\LMLabel}[1]{%
	\vspace{-\baselineskip}\leavevmode\OriginalLMHash{\raisebox{10ex}{#1}}%
	\label{#1}}
	% ----------------------------------------------------------------------