// Copyright (c) 2019, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// @dart = 2.9

import 'package:front_end/src/fasta/type_inference/type_schema.dart';
import 'package:front_end/src/fasta/type_inference/type_schema_environment.dart';
import 'package:kernel/ast.dart';
import 'package:kernel/core_types.dart';
import 'package:kernel/class_hierarchy.dart';
import 'package:kernel/testing/type_parser_environment.dart';
import 'package:test/test.dart';
import 'package:test_reflective_loader/test_reflective_loader.dart';

main() {
  defineReflectiveSuite(() {
    defineReflectiveTests(TypeSchemaEnvironmentTest);
  });
}

@reflectiveTest
class TypeSchemaEnvironmentTest {
  Env typeParserEnvironment;
  TypeSchemaEnvironment typeSchemaEnvironment;

  final Map<String, DartType Function()> additionalTypes = {
    "UNKNOWN": () => new UnknownType(),
  };

  Library _coreLibrary;
  Library _testLibrary;

  Library get coreLibrary => _coreLibrary;
  Library get testLibrary => _testLibrary;

  Component get component => typeParserEnvironment.component;
  CoreTypes get coreTypes => typeParserEnvironment.coreTypes;

  void parseTestLibrary(String testLibraryText) {
    typeParserEnvironment =
        new Env(testLibraryText, isNonNullableByDefault: true);
    typeSchemaEnvironment = new TypeSchemaEnvironment(
        coreTypes, new ClassHierarchy(component, coreTypes));
    assert(
        typeParserEnvironment.component.libraries.length == 2,
        "The tests are supposed to have exactly two libraries: "
        "the core library and the test library.");
    Library firstLibrary = typeParserEnvironment.component.libraries.first;
    Library secondLibrary = typeParserEnvironment.component.libraries.last;
    if (firstLibrary.importUri.scheme == "dart" &&
        firstLibrary.importUri.path == "core") {
      _coreLibrary = firstLibrary;
      _testLibrary = secondLibrary;
    } else {
      assert(
          secondLibrary.importUri.scheme == "dart" &&
              secondLibrary.importUri.path == "core",
          "One of the libraries is expected to be 'dart:core'.");
      _coreLibrary == secondLibrary;
      _testLibrary = firstLibrary;
    }
  }

  void test_addLowerBound() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B extends A;
      class C extends A;
    """);

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.

    // typeConstraint: EMPTY <: TYPE <: EMPTY
    checkConstraintLowerBound(constraint: "", bound: "UNKNOWN");

    // typeConstraint: B* <: TYPE <: EMPTY
    checkConstraintLowerBound(constraint: ":> B*", bound: "B*");

    // typeConstraint: UP(B*, C*) <: TYPE <: EMPTY,
    //     where UP(B*, C*) = A*
    checkConstraintLowerBound(constraint: ":> B* :> C*", bound: "A*");
  }

  void test_addUpperBound() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B extends A;
      class C extends A;
    """);

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.

    // typeConstraint: EMPTY <: TYPE <: EMPTY
    checkConstraintUpperBound(constraint: "", bound: "UNKNOWN");

    // typeConstraint: EMPTY <: TYPE <: A*
    checkConstraintUpperBound(constraint: "<: A*", bound: "A*");

    // typeConstraint: EMPTY <: TYPE <: DOWN(A*, B*),
    //     where DOWN(A*, B*) = B*
    checkConstraintUpperBound(constraint: "<: A* <: B*", bound: "B*");

    // typeConstraint: EMPTY <: TYPE <: DOWN(B*, C*),
    //     where DOWN(B*, C*) = Never*
    checkConstraintUpperBound(constraint: "<:A* <: B* <: C*", bound: "Never*");
  }

  /// Some of the types satisfying the TOP predicate.
  ///
  /// There's an infinite amount of such types, and the list contains some
  /// practical base cases.  For the definition of TOP see the following:
  /// https://github.com/dart-lang/language/blob/master/resources/type-system/upper-lower-bounds.md#helper-predicates
  static const Map<String, String> topPredicateEnumeration = <String, String>{
    // dynamic and void.
    "dynamic": null,
    "void": null,

    // T? where OBJECT(T).
    "Object?": null,
    "FutureOr<Object>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?": null,

    // T* where OBJECT(t).
    "Object*": null,
    "FutureOr<Object>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*": null,

    // FutureOr<T> where TOP(T).
    "FutureOr<dynamic>": null,
    "FutureOr<void>": null,
    "FutureOr<Object?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<Object*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<dynamic>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<void>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object?>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>?>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object*>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>*>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*>?>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<dynamic>*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<void>*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object?>*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>?>*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?>*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object*>*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>*>*>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*>*>": null,

    // T? where TOP(T).
    "FutureOr<dynamic>?": null,
    "FutureOr<void>?": null,
    "FutureOr<Object?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<Object*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<dynamic>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<void>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object?>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>?>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object*>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>*>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*>?>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<dynamic>*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<void>*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object?>*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>?>*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?>*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object*>*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>*>*>?": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*>*>?": null,

    // T* where TOP(T).
    "FutureOr<dynamic>*": null,
    "FutureOr<void>*": null,
    "FutureOr<Object?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<Object*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<dynamic>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<void>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object?>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>?>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object*>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>*>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*>?>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<dynamic>*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<void>*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object?>*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>?>*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>?>*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object*>*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>*>*>*": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>*>*>*": null,
  };

  /// Some of the types satisfying the OBJECT predicate.
  ///
  /// There's an infinite amount of such types, and the list contains some
  /// practical base cases.  For the definition of OBJECT see the following:
  /// https://github.com/dart-lang/language/blob/master/resources/type-system/upper-lower-bounds.md#helper-predicates
  static const Map<String, String> objectPredicateEnumeration = {
    "Object": null,
    "FutureOr<Object>": null,
    "FutureOr<FutureOr<Object>>": null,
  };

  /// Some of the types satisfying the BOTTOM predicate.
  ///
  /// There's an infinite amount of such types, and the list contains some
  /// practical base cases.  For the definition of BOTTOM see the following:
  /// https://github.com/dart-lang/language/blob/master/resources/type-system/upper-lower-bounds.md#helper-predicates
  ///
  /// The names of the variables here and in [nullPredicateEnumeration] should
  /// be distinct to avoid collisions.
  static const Map<String, String> bottomPredicateEnumeration = {
    "Never": null,
    "Xb & Never": "Xb extends Object?",
    "Yb & Zb & Never": "Yb extends Object?, Zb extends Object?",
    "Vb": "Vb extends Never",
    "Wb": "Wb extends Tb, Tb extends Never",
    "Sb & Rb": "Sb extends Object?, Rb extends Never",
  };

  /// Some of the types satisfying the NULL predicate.
  ///
  /// There's an infinite amount of such types, and the list contains some
  /// practical base cases.  For the definition of NULL see the following:
  /// https://github.com/dart-lang/language/blob/master/resources/type-system/upper-lower-bounds.md#helper-predicates
  ///
  /// The names of the variables here and in [bottomPredicateEnumeration] should
  /// be distinct to avoid collisions.
  static const Map<String, String> nullPredicateEnumeration = {
    // T? where BOTTOM(T).
    "Never?": null,
    "Xn?": "Xn extends Never",
    "Yn?": "Yn extends Zn, Zn extends Never",

    // T* where BOTTOM(T).
    "Never*": null,
    "Vn*": "Vn extends Never",
    "Wn*": "Wn extends Tn, Tn extends Never",

    // Null.
    "Null": null,
  };

  static String joinTypeParameters(
      String typeParameters1, String typeParameters2) {
    if (typeParameters1 == null) return typeParameters2;
    if (typeParameters2 == null) return typeParameters1;
    if (typeParameters1 == typeParameters2) return typeParameters1;
    return "$typeParameters1, $typeParameters2";
  }

  void test_lower_bound_bottom() {
    parseTestLibrary("class A;");

    for (String type in ["A*", "A?", "A"]) {
      checkLowerBound(type1: "Never", type2: type, lowerBound: "Never");
      checkLowerBound(type1: type, type2: "Never", lowerBound: "Never");
    }

    // DOWN(T1, T2) where BOTTOM(T1) and BOTTOM(T2) =
    //   T1 if MOREBOTTOM(T1, T2)
    //   T2 otherwise
    for (String t1 in bottomPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String t2 in bottomPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        String typeParameters = joinTypeParameters(
            bottomPredicateEnumeration[t1], bottomPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
        typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameters, (_) {
          String expected =
              typeSchemaEnvironment.morebottom(parseType(t1), parseType(t2))
                  ? t1
                  : t2;
          checkLowerBound(
              type1: t1,
              type2: t2,
              lowerBound: expected,
              typeParameters: typeParameters);
        });
      }
    }

    // DOWN(T1, T2) = T2 if BOTTOM(T2)
    for (String type in ["A*", "A?", "A"]) {
      for (String t2 in bottomPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        checkLowerBound(
            type1: type,
            type2: t2,
            lowerBound: t2,
            typeParameters: bottomPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
      }
    }

    // DOWN(T1, T2) = T1 if BOTTOM(T1)
    for (String t1 in bottomPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String type in ["A*", "A?", "A"]) {
        checkLowerBound(
            type1: t1,
            type2: type,
            lowerBound: t1,
            typeParameters: bottomPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
      }
    }

    // DOWN(T1, T2) where NULL(T1) and NULL(T2) =
    //   T1 if MOREBOTTOM(T1, T2)
    //   T2 otherwise
    for (String t1 in nullPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String t2 in nullPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        String typeParameters = joinTypeParameters(
            nullPredicateEnumeration[t1], nullPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
        typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameters, (_) {
          String expected =
              typeSchemaEnvironment.morebottom(parseType(t1), parseType(t2))
                  ? t1
                  : t2;
          checkLowerBound(
              type1: t1,
              type2: t2,
              lowerBound: expected,
              typeParameters: typeParameters);
        });
      }
    }

    // DOWN(Null, T2) =
    //   Null if Null <: T2
    //   Never otherwise
    for (String t1 in nullPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      checkLowerBound(
          type1: t1,
          type2: "A*",
          lowerBound: t1,
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
      checkLowerBound(
          type1: t1,
          type2: "A?",
          lowerBound: t1,
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
      checkLowerBound(
          type1: t1,
          type2: "A",
          lowerBound: "Never",
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
    }

    // DOWN(T1, Null) =
    //   Null if Null <: T1
    //   Never otherwise
    for (String t2 in nullPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      checkLowerBound(
          type1: "A*",
          type2: t2,
          lowerBound: t2,
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
      checkLowerBound(
          type1: "A?",
          type2: t2,
          lowerBound: t2,
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
      checkLowerBound(
          type1: "A",
          type2: t2,
          lowerBound: "Never",
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
    }
  }

  void test_lower_bound_object() {
    parseTestLibrary("");

    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Object",
        type2: "FutureOr<Null>",
        lowerBound: "FutureOr<Never>");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "FutureOr<Null>",
        type2: "Object",
        lowerBound: "FutureOr<Never>");

    // FutureOr<dynamic> is top.
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Object", type2: "FutureOr<dynamic>", lowerBound: "Object");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "FutureOr<dynamic>", type2: "Object", lowerBound: "Object");

    // FutureOr<X> is not top and cannot be made non-nullable.
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Object",
        type2: "FutureOr<X>",
        lowerBound: "Never",
        typeParameters: 'X extends dynamic');
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "FutureOr<X>",
        type2: "Object",
        lowerBound: "Never",
        typeParameters: 'X extends dynamic');

    // FutureOr<void> is top.
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Object", type2: "FutureOr<void>", lowerBound: "Object");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "FutureOr<void>", type2: "Object", lowerBound: "Object");
  }

  void test_lower_bound_function() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B extends A;
    """);

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "() ->* A*", type2: "() ->* B*", lowerBound: "() ->* B*");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "() ->* void",
        type2: "(A*, B*) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "([A*, B*]) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "(A*, B*) ->* void",
        type2: "() ->* void",
        lowerBound: "([A*, B*]) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "(A*) ->* void",
        type2: "(B*) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "(A*) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "(B*) ->* void",
        type2: "(A*) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "(A*) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "({A* a}) ->* void",
        type2: "({B* b}) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "({A* a, B* b}) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "({B* b}) ->* void",
        type2: "({A* a}) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "({A* a, B* b}) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "({A* a, A* c}) ->* void",
        type2: "({B* b, B* d}) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "({A* a, B* b, A* c, B* d}) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "({A* a, B* b}) ->* void",
        type2: "({B* a, A* b}) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "({A* a, A* b}) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "({B* a, A* b}) ->* void",
        type2: "({A* a, B* b}) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "({A* a, A* b}) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "(B*, {A* a}) ->* void",
        type2: "(B*) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "(B*, {A* a}) ->* void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "({A* a}) -> void", type2: "(B*) -> void", lowerBound: "Never");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "({A* a}) -> void",
        type2: "([B*]) ->* void",
        lowerBound: "Never");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "<X>() -> void",
        type2: "<Y>() -> void",
        lowerBound: "<Z>() -> void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "<X>(X) -> List<X>",
        type2: "<Y>(Y) -> List<Y>",
        lowerBound: "<Z>(Z) -> List<Z>");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "<X1, X2 extends List<X1>>(X1) -> X2",
        type2: "<Y1, Y2 extends List<Y1>>(Y1) -> Y2",
        lowerBound: "<Z1, Z2 extends List<Z1>>(Z1) -> Z2");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "<X extends int>(X) -> void",
        type2: "<Y extends double>(Y) -> void",
        lowerBound: "Never");

    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "({required A a, A b, required A c, A d, required A e}) -> A",
        type2: "({required B a, required B b, B c, B f, required B g}) -> B",
        lowerBound: "({required A a, A b, A c, A d, A e, B f, B g}) -> B");

    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "<X extends dynamic>() -> void",
        type2: "<Y extends Object?>() -> void",
        lowerBound: "<Z extends dynamic>() -> void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "<X extends Null>() -> void",
        type2: "<Y extends Never?>() -> void",
        lowerBound: "<Z extends Null>() -> void");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "<X extends FutureOr<dynamic>?>() -> void",
        type2: "<Y extends FutureOr<Object?>>() -> void",
        lowerBound: "<Z extends FutureOr<dynamic>?>() -> void");
  }

  void test_lower_bound_identical() {
    parseTestLibrary("class A;");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "A*", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A?", type2: "A?", lowerBound: "A?");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A", type2: "A", lowerBound: "A");
  }

  void test_lower_bound_subtype() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B extends A;
    """);

    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "B*", lowerBound: "B*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "B?", lowerBound: "B*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "B", lowerBound: "B");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "A?", type2: "B*", lowerBound: "B*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A?", type2: "B?", lowerBound: "B?");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A?", type2: "B", lowerBound: "B");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "A", type2: "B*", lowerBound: "B");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A", type2: "B?", lowerBound: "B");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A", type2: "B", lowerBound: "B");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "B*", type2: "A*", lowerBound: "B*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "B?", type2: "A*", lowerBound: "B*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "B", type2: "A*", lowerBound: "B");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "B*", type2: "A?", lowerBound: "B*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "B?", type2: "A?", lowerBound: "B?");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "B", type2: "A?", lowerBound: "B");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "B*", type2: "A", lowerBound: "B");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "B?", type2: "A", lowerBound: "B");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "B", type2: "A", lowerBound: "B");

    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>*", type2: "List<B>*", lowerBound: "List<B>*");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>*", type2: "List<B>?", lowerBound: "List<B>*");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>*", type2: "List<B>", lowerBound: "List<B>");

    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>?", type2: "List<B>*", lowerBound: "List<B>*");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>?", type2: "List<B>?", lowerBound: "List<B>?");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>?", type2: "List<B>", lowerBound: "List<B>");

    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>", type2: "List<B>*", lowerBound: "List<B>");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>", type2: "List<B>?", lowerBound: "List<B>");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>", type2: "List<B>", lowerBound: "List<B>");

    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "List<B>*", type2: "Iterable<A>*", lowerBound: "List<B>*");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "List<B>?", type2: "Iterable<A>*", lowerBound: "List<B>*");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "List<B>", type2: "Iterable<A>*", lowerBound: "List<B>");

    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "List<B>*", type2: "Iterable<A>?", lowerBound: "List<B>*");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "List<B>?", type2: "Iterable<A>?", lowerBound: "List<B>?");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "List<B>", type2: "Iterable<A>?", lowerBound: "List<B>");

    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "List<B>*", type2: "Iterable<A>", lowerBound: "List<B>");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "List<B>?", type2: "Iterable<A>", lowerBound: "List<B>");
    checkLowerBound(
        type1: "List<B>", type2: "Iterable<A>", lowerBound: "List<B>");
  }

  void test_lower_bound_top() {
    parseTestLibrary("class A;");

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.
    checkLowerBound(type1: "dynamic", type2: "A*", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "dynamic", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "Object?", type2: "A*", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "Object?", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "void", type2: "A*", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "void", lowerBound: "A*");

    // DOWN(T1, T2) where TOP(T1) and TOP(T2) =
    //   T1 if MORETOP(T2, T1)
    //   T2 otherwise
    for (String t1 in topPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String t2 in topPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        String typeParameters = joinTypeParameters(
            topPredicateEnumeration[t1], topPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
        typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameters, (_) {
          String expected =
              typeSchemaEnvironment.moretop(parseType(t2), parseType(t1))
                  ? t1
                  : t2;
          checkLowerBound(
              type1: t1,
              type2: t2,
              lowerBound: expected,
              typeParameters: typeParameters);
        });
      }
    }

    // DOWN(T1, T2) = T2 if TOP(T1)
    for (String t1 in topPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      checkLowerBound(
          type1: t1,
          type2: "A*",
          lowerBound: "A*",
          typeParameters: topPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
    }

    // DOWN(T1, T2) = T1 if TOP(T2)
    for (String t2 in topPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      checkLowerBound(
          type1: "A*",
          type2: t2,
          lowerBound: "A*",
          typeParameters: topPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
    }
  }

  void test_lower_bound_unknown() {
    parseTestLibrary("class A;");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "UNKNOWN", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A?", type2: "UNKNOWN", lowerBound: "A?");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A", type2: "UNKNOWN", lowerBound: "A");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "UNKNOWN", type2: "A*", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "UNKNOWN", type2: "A?", lowerBound: "A?");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "UNKNOWN", type2: "A", lowerBound: "A");
  }

  void test_lower_bound_unrelated() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B;
    """);

    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "B*", lowerBound: "Never*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "B?", lowerBound: "Never*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "B", lowerBound: "Never");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "A?", type2: "B*", lowerBound: "Never*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A?", type2: "B?", lowerBound: "Never?");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A?", type2: "B", lowerBound: "Never");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "A", type2: "B*", lowerBound: "Never");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A", type2: "B?", lowerBound: "Never");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A", type2: "B", lowerBound: "Never");
  }

  void test_inferGenericFunctionOrType() {
    parseTestLibrary("");

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.

    // Test an instantiation of [1, 2.0] with no context.  This should infer
    // as List<?> during downwards inference.
    checkInference(
        typeParametersToInfer: "T extends Object?",
        functionType: "(T, T) -> List<T>",
        actualParameterTypes: null,
        returnContextType: null,
        expectedTypes: "UNKNOWN");
    // And upwards inference should refine it to List<num>.
    checkInference(
        typeParametersToInfer: "T extends Object?",
        functionType: "(T, T) -> List<T>",
        actualParameterTypes: "int, double",
        returnContextType: null,
        inferredTypesFromDownwardPhase: "UNKNOWN",
        expectedTypes: "num");

    // Test an instantiation of [1, 2.0] with a context of List<Object>.  This
    // should infer as List<Object> during downwards inference.
    checkInference(
        typeParametersToInfer: "T extends Object?",
        functionType: "(T, T) -> List<T>",
        actualParameterTypes: null,
        returnContextType: "List<Object>",
        expectedTypes: "Object");
    // And upwards inference should preserve the type.
    checkInference(
        typeParametersToInfer: "T extends Object?",
        functionType: "(T, T) -> List<T>",
        actualParameterTypes: "int, double",
        returnContextType: "List<Object>",
        inferredTypesFromDownwardPhase: "Object",
        expectedTypes: "Object");

    // Test an instantiation of [1, 2.0, null] with no context.  This should
    // infer as List<?> during downwards inference.
    checkInference(
        typeParametersToInfer: "T extends Object?",
        functionType: "(T, T, T) -> List<T>",
        actualParameterTypes: null,
        returnContextType: null,
        expectedTypes: "UNKNOWN");
    // And upwards inference should refine it to List<num?>.
    checkInference(
        typeParametersToInfer: "T extends Object?",
        functionType: "(T, T, T) -> List<T>",
        actualParameterTypes: "int, double, Null",
        returnContextType: null,
        inferredTypesFromDownwardPhase: "UNKNOWN",
        expectedTypes: "num?");

    // Test an instantiation of legacy [1, 2.0] with no context.
    // This should infer as List<?> during downwards inference.
    checkInference(
        typeParametersToInfer: "T extends Object?",
        functionType: "(T, T) -> List<T>",
        actualParameterTypes: null,
        returnContextType: null,
        expectedTypes: "UNKNOWN");
    checkInference(
        typeParametersToInfer: "T extends Object?",
        functionType: "(T, T) -> List<T>",
        actualParameterTypes: "int*, double*",
        returnContextType: null,
        inferredTypesFromDownwardPhase: "UNKNOWN",
        expectedTypes: "num");
  }

  void test_inferTypeFromConstraints_applyBound() {
    parseTestLibrary("");

    // Assuming: class A<T extends num*> {}

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.

    // With no constraints:
    // Downward inference should infer A<?>
    checkInferenceFromConstraints(
        typeParameter: "T extends num*",
        constraints: "",
        downwardsInferPhase: true,
        expected: "UNKNOWN");
    // Upward inference should infer A<num*>
    checkInferenceFromConstraints(
        typeParameter: "T extends num*",
        constraints: "",
        downwardsInferPhase: false,
        inferredTypeFromDownwardPhase: "UNKNOWN",
        expected: "num*");

    // With an upper bound of Object*:
    // Downward inference should infer A<num*>
    checkInferenceFromConstraints(
        typeParameter: "T extends num*",
        constraints: "<: Object*",
        downwardsInferPhase: true,
        expected: "num*");
    // Upward inference should infer A<num*>
    checkInferenceFromConstraints(
        typeParameter: "T extends num*",
        constraints: "<: Object*",
        downwardsInferPhase: false,
        inferredTypeFromDownwardPhase: "num*",
        expected: "num*");
    // Upward inference should still infer A<num*> even if there are more
    // constraints now, because num was finalized during downward inference.
    checkInferenceFromConstraints(
        typeParameter: "T extends num*",
        constraints: ":> int* <: int*",
        downwardsInferPhase: false,
        inferredTypeFromDownwardPhase: "num*",
        expected: "num*");
  }

  void test_inferTypeFromConstraints_simple() {
    parseTestLibrary("");

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.

    // With an upper bound of List<?>*:
    // Downwards inference should infer List<List<?>*>*
    checkInferenceFromConstraints(
        typeParameter: "T extends Object?",
        constraints: "<: List<UNKNOWN>",
        downwardsInferPhase: true,
        expected: "List<UNKNOWN>");
    // Upwards inference should refine that to List<List<Object?>*>*
    checkInferenceFromConstraints(
        typeParameter: "T extends Object?",
        constraints: "<: List<UNKNOWN>",
        downwardsInferPhase: false,
        inferredTypeFromDownwardPhase: "List<UNKNOWN>",
        expected: "List<Object?>");
  }

  void test_upper_bound_classic() {
    // Make the class hierarchy:
    //
    // Object
    //   |
    //   A
    //  /|\
    // B C K
    // |X| |
    // D E L
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B implements A;
      class C implements A;
      class K implements A;
      class D implements B, C;
      class E implements B, C;
      class L implements K;
    """);

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.
    checkUpperBound(type1: "B*", type2: "E*", upperBound: "B*");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "D*", type2: "C*", upperBound: "C*");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "D*", type2: "E*", upperBound: "A*");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "D*", type2: "A*", upperBound: "A*");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "B*", type2: "K*", upperBound: "A*");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "B*", type2: "L*", upperBound: "A*");
  }

  void test_upper_bound_commonClass() {
    parseTestLibrary("");

    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<int*>", type2: "List<double*>", upperBound: "List<num*>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<int?>", type2: "List<double>", upperBound: "List<num?>");
  }

  void test_upper_bound_object() {
    parseTestLibrary("");

    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Object", type2: "FutureOr<Function?>", upperBound: "Object?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "FutureOr<Function?>", type2: "Object", upperBound: "Object?");
  }

  void test_upper_bound_function() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B extends A;
    """);

    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "() ->? A", type2: "() -> B?", upperBound: "() ->? A?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "([A*]) ->* void",
        type2: "(A*) ->* void",
        upperBound: "Function*");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "() ->* void",
        type2: "(A*, B*) ->* void",
        upperBound: "Function*");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "(A*, B*) ->* void",
        type2: "() ->* void",
        upperBound: "Function*");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "(A*) ->* void",
        type2: "(B*) ->* void",
        upperBound: "(B*) ->* void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "(B*) ->* void",
        type2: "(A*) ->* void",
        upperBound: "(B*) ->* void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "({A* a}) ->* void",
        type2: "({B* b}) ->* void",
        upperBound: "() ->* void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "({B* b}) ->* void",
        type2: "({A* a}) ->* void",
        upperBound: "() ->* void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "({A* a, A* c}) ->* void",
        type2: "({B* b, B* d}) ->* void",
        upperBound: "() ->* void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "({A* a, B* b}) ->* void",
        type2: "({B* a, A* b}) ->* void",
        upperBound: "({B* a, B* b}) ->* void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "({B* a, A* b}) ->* void",
        type2: "({A* a, B* b}) ->* void",
        upperBound: "({B* a, B* b}) ->* void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "(B*, {A* a}) ->* void",
        type2: "(B*) ->* void",
        upperBound: "(B*) ->* void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "({A* a}) ->* void",
        type2: "(B*) ->* void",
        upperBound: "Function*");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "() ->* void",
        type2: "([B*]) ->* void",
        upperBound: "() ->* void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "<X>() -> void",
        type2: "<Y>() -> void",
        upperBound: "<Z>() -> void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "<X>(X) -> List<X>",
        type2: "<Y>(Y) -> List<Y>",
        upperBound: "<Z>(Z) -> List<Z>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "<X1, X2 extends List<X1>>(X1) -> X2",
        type2: "<Y1, Y2 extends List<Y1>>(Y1) -> Y2",
        upperBound: "<Z1, Z2 extends List<Z1>>(Z1) -> Z2");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "<X extends int>() -> void",
        type2: "<Y extends double>() -> void",
        upperBound: "Function");

    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "({required A a, B b}) -> A",
        type2: "({B a, required A b}) -> B",
        upperBound: "({required B a, required B b}) -> A");

    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "<X extends dynamic>() -> void",
        type2: "<Y extends Object?>() -> void",
        upperBound: "<Z extends dynamic>() -> void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "<X extends Null>() -> void",
        type2: "<Y extends Never?>() -> void",
        upperBound: "<Z extends Null>() -> void");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "<X extends FutureOr<dynamic>?>() -> void",
        type2: "<Y extends FutureOr<Object?>>() -> void",
        upperBound: "<Z extends FutureOr<dynamic>?>() -> void");

    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "([dynamic]) -> dynamic",
        type2: "([dynamic]) -> dynamic",
        upperBound: "([dynamic]) -> dynamic");
  }

  void test_upper_bound_identical() {
    parseTestLibrary("class A;");

    checkUpperBound(type1: "A*", type2: "A*", upperBound: "A*");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "A*", type2: "A?", upperBound: "A?");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "A*", type2: "A", upperBound: "A*");

    checkUpperBound(type1: "A?", type2: "A*", upperBound: "A?");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "A?", type2: "A?", upperBound: "A?");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "A?", type2: "A", upperBound: "A?");

    checkUpperBound(type1: "A", type2: "A*", upperBound: "A*");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "A", type2: "A?", upperBound: "A?");
    checkUpperBound(type1: "A", type2: "A", upperBound: "A");
  }

  void test_upper_bound_sameClass() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B extends A;
      class Pair<X, Y>;
    """);

    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Pair<A*, B*>",
        type2: "Pair<B*, A*>",
        upperBound: "Pair<A*, A*>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Pair<A*, B*>",
        type2: "Pair<B?, A>",
        upperBound: "Pair<A?, A*>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Pair<A?, B?>", type2: "Pair<B, A>", upperBound: "Pair<A?, A?>");
  }

  void test_upper_bound_subtype() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B extends A;
    """);

    // UP(T1, T2) = T2 if T1 <: T2
    //   Note that both types must be class types at this point
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B*>", type2: "Iterable<A*>", upperBound: "Iterable<A*>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B*>", type2: "Iterable<A?>", upperBound: "Iterable<A?>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B*>", type2: "Iterable<A>", upperBound: "Iterable<A>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>*", type2: "Iterable<A>*", upperBound: "Iterable<A>*");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>*", type2: "Iterable<A>?", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>*", type2: "Iterable<A>", upperBound: "Iterable<A>*");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>?", type2: "Iterable<A>*", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>?", type2: "Iterable<A>?", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>?", type2: "Iterable<A>", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");

    // UP(T1, T2) = T2 if T1 <: T2
    //   Note that both types must be class types at this point
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B?>", type2: "Iterable<A*>", upperBound: "Iterable<A*>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B?>", type2: "Iterable<A?>", upperBound: "Iterable<A?>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>?", type2: "Iterable<A>*", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>?", type2: "Iterable<A>?", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>?", type2: "Iterable<A>", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");
    // UP(C0<T0, ..., Tn>, C1<S0, ..., Sk>)
    //     = least upper bound of two interfaces as in Dart 1.
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B?>", type2: "Iterable<A>", upperBound: "Object");

    // UP(T1, T2) = T2 if T1 <: T2
    //   Note that both types must be class types at this point
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>", type2: "Iterable<A*>", upperBound: "Iterable<A*>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>", type2: "Iterable<A?>", upperBound: "Iterable<A?>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>", type2: "Iterable<A>", upperBound: "Iterable<A>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>", type2: "Iterable<A>*", upperBound: "Iterable<A>*");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<B>", type2: "Iterable<A>?", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");

    // UP(T1, T2) = T1 if T2 <: T1
    //   Note that both types must be class types at this point
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A*>", type2: "List<B*>", upperBound: "Iterable<A*>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A*>", type2: "List<B?>", upperBound: "Iterable<A*>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A*>", type2: "List<B>", upperBound: "Iterable<A*>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>*", type2: "List<B>*", upperBound: "Iterable<A>*");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>*", type2: "List<B>?", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>*", type2: "List<B>", upperBound: "Iterable<A>*");

    // UP(T1, T2) = T1 if T2 <: T1
    //   Note that both types must be class types at this point
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A?>", type2: "List<B*>", upperBound: "Iterable<A?>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A?>", type2: "List<B?>", upperBound: "Iterable<A?>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A?>", type2: "List<B>", upperBound: "Iterable<A?>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>?", type2: "List<B>*", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>?", type2: "List<B>?", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>?", type2: "List<B>", upperBound: "Iterable<A>?");

    // UP(T1, T2) = T1 if T2 <: T1
    //   Note that both types must be class types at this point
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>", type2: "List<B*>", upperBound: "Iterable<A>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>", type2: "List<B>*", upperBound: "Iterable<A>*");
    // UP(C0<T0, ..., Tn>, C1<S0, ..., Sk>)
    //     = least upper bound of two interfaces as in Dart 1.
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>", type2: "List<B?>", upperBound: "Object");
    // UP(T1, T2) = T1 if T2 <: T1
    //   Note that both types must be class types at this point
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "Iterable<A>", type2: "List<B>", upperBound: "Iterable<A>");
  }

  void test_upper_bound_top() {
    parseTestLibrary("class A;");

    // UP(T1, T2) where TOP(T1) and TOP(T2) =
    //   T1 if MORETOP(T1, T2)
    //   T2 otherwise
    for (String t1 in topPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String t2 in topPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        String typeParameters = joinTypeParameters(
            topPredicateEnumeration[t1], topPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
        typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameters, (_) {
          String expected =
              typeSchemaEnvironment.moretop(parseType(t1), parseType(t2))
                  ? t1
                  : t2;
          checkUpperBound(
              type1: t1,
              type2: t2,
              upperBound: expected,
              typeParameters: typeParameters);
        });
      }
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) = T1 if TOP(T1)
    for (String t1 in topPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String t2 in ["A*", "A?", "A"]) {
        checkUpperBound(
            type1: t1,
            type2: t2,
            upperBound: t1,
            typeParameters: topPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
      }
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) = T2 if TOP(T2)
    for (String t1 in ["A*", "A?", "A"]) {
      for (String t2 in topPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        checkUpperBound(
            type1: t1,
            type2: t2,
            upperBound: t2,
            typeParameters: topPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
      }
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) where OBJECT(T1) and OBJECT(T2) =
    //   T1 if MORETOP(T1, T2)
    //   T2 otherwise
    for (String t1 in objectPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String t2 in objectPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        String typeParameters = joinTypeParameters(
            objectPredicateEnumeration[t1], objectPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
        typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameters, (_) {
          String expected =
              typeSchemaEnvironment.moretop(parseType(t1), parseType(t2))
                  ? t1
                  : t2;
          checkUpperBound(
              type1: t1,
              type2: t2,
              upperBound: expected,
              typeParameters: typeParameters);
        });
      }
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) where OBJECT(T1) =
    //   T1 if T2 is non-nullable
    //   T1? otherwise
    for (String t1 in objectPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      checkUpperBound(
          type1: t1,
          type2: "A*",
          upperBound: "${t1}?",
          typeParameters: objectPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
      checkUpperBound(
          type1: t1,
          type2: "A?",
          upperBound: "${t1}?",
          typeParameters: objectPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
      checkUpperBound(type1: t1, type2: "A", upperBound: t1);
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) where OBJECT(T2) =
    //   T2 if T1 is non-nullable
    //   T2? otherwise
    for (String t2 in objectPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      checkUpperBound(type1: "A*", type2: t2, upperBound: "${t2}?");
      checkUpperBound(type1: "A?", type2: t2, upperBound: "${t2}?");
      checkUpperBound(type1: "A", type2: t2, upperBound: t2);
    }
  }

  void test_upper_bound_bottom() {
    parseTestLibrary("class A;");

    // UP(T1, T2) where BOTTOM(T1) and BOTTOM(T2) =
    //   T2 if MOREBOTTOM(T1, T2)
    //   T1 otherwise
    for (String t1 in bottomPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String t2 in bottomPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        String typeParameters = joinTypeParameters(
            bottomPredicateEnumeration[t1], bottomPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
        typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameters, (_) {
          String expected =
              typeSchemaEnvironment.morebottom(parseType(t1), parseType(t2))
                  ? t2
                  : t1;
          checkUpperBound(
              type1: t1,
              type2: t2,
              upperBound: expected,
              typeParameters: typeParameters);
        });
      }
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) = T2 if BOTTOM(T1)
    for (String t1 in bottomPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String t2 in ["A*", "A?", "A"]) {
        checkUpperBound(
            type1: t1,
            type2: t2,
            upperBound: t2,
            typeParameters: bottomPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
      }
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) = T1 if BOTTOM(T2)
    for (String t1 in ["A*", "A?", "A"]) {
      for (String t2 in bottomPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        checkUpperBound(
            type1: t1,
            type2: t2,
            upperBound: t1,
            typeParameters: bottomPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
      }
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) where NULL(T1) and NULL(T2) =
    //   T2 if MOREBOTTOM(T1, T2)
    //   T1 otherwise
    for (String t1 in nullPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      for (String t2 in nullPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
        String typeParameters = joinTypeParameters(
            nullPredicateEnumeration[t1], nullPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
        typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameters, (_) {
          String expected =
              typeSchemaEnvironment.morebottom(parseType(t1), parseType(t2))
                  ? t2
                  : t1;
          checkUpperBound(
              type1: t1,
              type2: t2,
              upperBound: expected,
              typeParameters: typeParameters);
        });
      }
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) where NULL(T1) =
    //   T2 if T2 is nullable
    //   T2? otherwise
    for (String t1 in nullPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      checkUpperBound(
          type1: t1,
          type2: "A*",
          upperBound: "A?",
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
      checkUpperBound(
          type1: t1,
          type2: "A?",
          upperBound: "A?",
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
      checkUpperBound(
          type1: t1,
          type2: "A",
          upperBound: "A?",
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t1]);
    }

    // UP(T1, T2) where NULL(T2) =
    //   T1 if T1 is nullable
    //   T1? otherwise
    for (String t2 in nullPredicateEnumeration.keys) {
      checkUpperBound(
          type1: "A*",
          type2: t2,
          upperBound: "A?",
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
      checkUpperBound(
          type1: "A?",
          type2: t2,
          upperBound: "A?",
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
      checkUpperBound(
          type1: "A",
          type2: t2,
          upperBound: "A?",
          typeParameters: nullPredicateEnumeration[t2]);
    }
  }

  void test_upper_bound_typeParameter() {
    parseTestLibrary("");

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "T",
        type2: "T",
        upperBound: "T",
        typeParameters: "T extends Object");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "T",
        type2: "List<Never>",
        upperBound: "List<Object?>",
        typeParameters: "T extends List<T>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "List<Never>",
        type2: "T",
        upperBound: "List<Object?>",
        typeParameters: "T extends List<T>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "T",
        type2: "U",
        upperBound: "List<Object?>",
        typeParameters: "T extends List<T>, U extends List<Never>");
    checkUpperBound(
        type1: "U",
        type2: "T",
        upperBound: "List<Object?>",
        typeParameters: "T extends List<T>, U extends List<Never>");
  }

  void test_upper_bound_unknown() {
    parseTestLibrary("class A;");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "A*", type2: "UNKNOWN", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A?", type2: "UNKNOWN", lowerBound: "A?");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "A", type2: "UNKNOWN", lowerBound: "A");

    checkLowerBound(type1: "UNKNOWN", type2: "A*", lowerBound: "A*");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "UNKNOWN", type2: "A?", lowerBound: "A?");
    checkLowerBound(type1: "UNKNOWN", type2: "A", lowerBound: "A");
  }

  void test_solveTypeConstraint() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A<X>;
      class B<Y> extends A<Y>;
    """);

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.

    // Solve(? <: T <: ?) => ?
    checkConstraintSolving("", "UNKNOWN", grounded: false);

    // Solve(? <: T <: ?, grounded) => dynamic
    checkConstraintSolving("", "dynamic", grounded: true);

    // Solve(A <: T <: ?) => A
    checkConstraintSolving(":> A<dynamic>*", "A<dynamic>*", grounded: false);

    // Solve(A <: T <: ?, grounded) => A
    checkConstraintSolving(":> A<dynamic>*", "A<dynamic>*", grounded: true);

    // Solve(A<?>* <: T <: ?) => A<?>*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> A<UNKNOWN>*", "A<UNKNOWN>*", grounded: false);

    // Solve(A<?>* <: T <: ?, grounded) => A<Never>*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> A<UNKNOWN>*", "A<Never>*", grounded: true);

    // Solve(? <: T <: A*) => A*
    checkConstraintSolving("<: A<dynamic>*", "A<dynamic>*", grounded: false);

    // Solve(? <: T <: A*, grounded) => A*
    checkConstraintSolving("<: A<dynamic>*", "A<dynamic>*", grounded: true);

    // Solve(? <: T <: A<?>*) => A<?>*
    checkConstraintSolving("<: A<UNKNOWN>*", "A<UNKNOWN>*", grounded: false);

    // Solve(? <: T <: A<?>*, grounded) => A<dynamic>*
    checkConstraintSolving("<: A<UNKNOWN>*", "A<Object?>*", grounded: true);

    // Solve(B* <: T <: A*) => B*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> B<dynamic>* <: A<dynamic>*", "B<dynamic>*",
        grounded: false);

    // Solve(B* <: T <: A*, grounded) => B*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> B<dynamic>* <: A<dynamic>*", "B<dynamic>*",
        grounded: true);

    // Solve(B<?>* <: T <: A*) => A*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> B<UNKNOWN>* <: A<dynamic>*", "A<dynamic>*",
        grounded: false);

    // Solve(B<?>* <: T <: A*, grounded) => A*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> B<UNKNOWN>* <: A<dynamic>*", "A<dynamic>*",
        grounded: true);

    // Solve(B* <: T <: A<?>*) => B*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> B<dynamic>* <: A<UNKNOWN>*", "B<dynamic>*",
        grounded: false);

    // Solve(B* <: T <: A<?>*, grounded) => B*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> B<dynamic>* <: A<UNKNOWN>*", "B<dynamic>*",
        grounded: true);

    // Solve(B<?>* <: T <: A<?>*) => B<?>*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> B<UNKNOWN>* <: A<UNKNOWN>*", "B<UNKNOWN>*",
        grounded: false);

    // Solve(B<?>* <: T <: A<?>*, grounded) => B<Never>*
    checkConstraintSolving(":> B<UNKNOWN>* <: A<UNKNOWN>*", "B<Never>*",
        grounded: true);
  }

  void test_typeConstraint_default() {
    parseTestLibrary("");
    checkConstraintLowerBound(constraint: "", bound: "UNKNOWN");
    checkConstraintUpperBound(constraint: "", bound: "UNKNOWN");
  }

  void test_typeSatisfiesConstraint() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class B extends A;
      class C extends B;
      class D extends C;
      class E extends D;
    """);

    checkTypeDoesntSatisfyConstraint("A*", ":> D* <: B*");
    checkTypeSatisfiesConstraint("B*", ":> D* <: B*");
    checkTypeSatisfiesConstraint("C*", ":> D* <: B*");
    checkTypeSatisfiesConstraint("D*", ":> D* <: B*");
    checkTypeDoesntSatisfyConstraint("E*", ":> D* <: B*");
  }

  void test_unknown_at_bottom() {
    parseTestLibrary("class A;");

    // TODO(dmitryas): Test for various nullabilities.
    checkIsLegacySubtype("UNKNOWN", "A*");
  }

  void test_unknown_at_top() {
    parseTestLibrary("""
      class A;
      class Pair<X, Y>;
    """);

    checkIsLegacySubtype("A*", "UNKNOWN");
    checkIsSubtype("Pair<A*, Null>*", "Pair<UNKNOWN, UNKNOWN>*");
  }

  void checkConstraintSolving(String constraint, String expected,
      {bool grounded}) {
    assert(grounded != null);
    expect(
        typeSchemaEnvironment.solveTypeConstraint(
            parseConstraint(constraint),
            coreTypes.objectNullableRawType,
            new NeverType.internal(Nullability.nonNullable),
            grounded: grounded),
        parseType(expected));
  }

  void checkConstraintUpperBound({String constraint, String bound}) {
    assert(constraint != null);
    assert(bound != null);

    expect(parseConstraint(constraint).upper, parseType(bound));
  }

  void checkConstraintLowerBound({String constraint, String bound}) {
    assert(constraint != null);
    assert(bound != null);

    expect(parseConstraint(constraint).lower, parseType(bound));
  }

  void checkTypeSatisfiesConstraint(String type, String constraint) {
    expect(
        typeSchemaEnvironment.typeSatisfiesConstraint(
            parseType(type), parseConstraint(constraint)),
        isTrue);
  }

  void checkTypeDoesntSatisfyConstraint(String type, String constraint) {
    expect(
        typeSchemaEnvironment.typeSatisfiesConstraint(
            parseType(type), parseConstraint(constraint)),
        isFalse);
  }

  void checkIsSubtype(String subtype, String supertype) {
    expect(
        typeSchemaEnvironment
            .performNullabilityAwareSubtypeCheck(
                parseType(subtype), parseType(supertype))
            .isSubtypeWhenUsingNullabilities(),
        isTrue);
  }

  void checkIsLegacySubtype(String subtype, String supertype) {
    expect(
        typeSchemaEnvironment
            .performNullabilityAwareSubtypeCheck(
                parseType(subtype), parseType(supertype))
            .isSubtypeWhenIgnoringNullabilities(),
        isTrue);
  }

  void checkIsNotSubtype(String subtype, String supertype) {
    expect(
        typeSchemaEnvironment
            .performNullabilityAwareSubtypeCheck(
                parseType(subtype), parseType(supertype))
            .isSubtypeWhenIgnoringNullabilities(),
        isFalse);
  }

  void checkUpperBound(
      {String type1, String type2, String upperBound, String typeParameters}) {
    assert(type1 != null);
    assert(type2 != null);
    assert(upperBound != null);

    typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameters,
        (List<TypeParameter> typeParameterNodes) {
      expect(
          typeSchemaEnvironment.getStandardUpperBound(
              parseType(type1), parseType(type2), testLibrary),
          parseType(upperBound));
    });
  }

  void checkLowerBound(
      {String type1, String type2, String lowerBound, String typeParameters}) {
    assert(type1 != null);
    assert(type2 != null);
    assert(lowerBound != null);

    typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameters,
        (List<TypeParameter> typeParameterNodes) {
      expect(
          typeSchemaEnvironment.getStandardLowerBound(
              parseType(type1), parseType(type2), testLibrary),
          parseType(lowerBound));
    });
  }

  void checkInference(
      {String typeParametersToInfer,
      String functionType,
      String actualParameterTypes,
      String returnContextType,
      String inferredTypesFromDownwardPhase,
      String expectedTypes}) {
    assert(typeParametersToInfer != null);
    assert(functionType != null);
    assert(expectedTypes != null);

    typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParametersToInfer,
        (List<TypeParameter> typeParameterNodesToInfer) {
      FunctionType functionTypeNode = parseType(functionType);
      DartType returnContextTypeNode =
          returnContextType == null ? null : parseType(returnContextType);
      List<DartType> actualTypeNodes = actualParameterTypes == null
          ? null
          : parseTypes(actualParameterTypes);
      List<DartType> expectedTypeNodes =
          expectedTypes == null ? null : parseTypes(expectedTypes);
      DartType declaredReturnTypeNode = functionTypeNode.returnType;
      List<DartType> formalTypeNodes = actualParameterTypes == null
          ? null
          : functionTypeNode.positionalParameters;

      List<DartType> inferredTypeNodes;
      if (inferredTypesFromDownwardPhase == null) {
        inferredTypeNodes = new List<DartType>.generate(
            typeParameterNodesToInfer.length, (_) => new UnknownType());
      } else {
        inferredTypeNodes = parseTypes(inferredTypesFromDownwardPhase);
      }

      typeSchemaEnvironment.inferGenericFunctionOrType(
          declaredReturnTypeNode,
          typeParameterNodesToInfer,
          formalTypeNodes,
          actualTypeNodes,
          returnContextTypeNode,
          inferredTypeNodes,
          testLibrary);

      assert(
          inferredTypeNodes.length == expectedTypeNodes.length,
          "The numbers of expected types and type parameters to infer "
          "mismatch.");
      for (int i = 0; i < inferredTypeNodes.length; ++i) {
        expect(inferredTypeNodes[i], expectedTypeNodes[i]);
      }
    });
  }

  void checkInferenceFromConstraints(
      {String typeParameter,
      String constraints,
      String inferredTypeFromDownwardPhase,
      bool downwardsInferPhase,
      String expected}) {
    assert(typeParameter != null);
    assert(expected != null);
    assert(downwardsInferPhase != null);
    assert(inferredTypeFromDownwardPhase == null || !downwardsInferPhase);

    typeParserEnvironment.withTypeParameters(typeParameter,
        (List<TypeParameter> typeParameterNodes) {
      assert(typeParameterNodes.length == 1);

      TypeConstraint typeConstraint = parseConstraint(constraints);
      DartType expectedTypeNode = parseType(expected);
      TypeParameter typeParameterNode = typeParameterNodes.single;
      List<DartType> inferredTypeNodes = <DartType>[
        inferredTypeFromDownwardPhase == null
            ? new UnknownType()
            : parseType(inferredTypeFromDownwardPhase)
      ];

      typeSchemaEnvironment.inferTypeFromConstraints(
          {typeParameterNode: typeConstraint},
          [typeParameterNode],
          inferredTypeNodes,
          testLibrary,
          downwardsInferPhase: downwardsInferPhase);

      expect(inferredTypeNodes.single, expectedTypeNode);
    });
  }

  /// Parses a string like "<: T <: S >: R" into a [TypeConstraint].
  ///
  /// The [constraint] string is assumed to be a sequence of bounds added to the
  /// constraint.  Each element of the sequence is either "<: T" or ":> T",
  /// where the former adds an upper bound and the latter adds a lower bound.
  /// The bounds are added to the constraint in the order they are mentioned in
  /// the [constraint] string, from left to right.
  TypeConstraint parseConstraint(String constraint) {
    TypeConstraint result = new TypeConstraint();
    List<String> upperBoundSegments = constraint.split("<:");
    bool firstUpperBoundSegment = true;
    for (String upperBoundSegment in upperBoundSegments) {
      if (firstUpperBoundSegment) {
        firstUpperBoundSegment = false;
        if (upperBoundSegment.isEmpty) {
          continue;
        }
      }
      List<String> lowerBoundSegments = upperBoundSegment.split(":>");
      bool firstLowerBoundSegment = true;
      for (String segment in lowerBoundSegments) {
        if (firstLowerBoundSegment) {
          firstLowerBoundSegment = false;
          if (segment.isNotEmpty) {
            typeSchemaEnvironment.addUpperBound(
                result, parseType(segment), testLibrary);
          }
        } else {
          typeSchemaEnvironment.addLowerBound(
              result, parseType(segment), testLibrary);
        }
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  DartType parseType(String type) {
    return typeParserEnvironment.parseType(type,
        additionalTypes: additionalTypes);
  }

  List<DartType> parseTypes(String types) {
    return typeParserEnvironment.parseTypes(types,
        additionalTypes: additionalTypes);
  }
}