// Copyright (c) 2014, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

library pub.barback.build_environment;

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:io';

import 'package:barback/barback.dart';
import 'package:path/path.dart' as path;
import 'package:stack_trace/stack_trace.dart';
import 'package:watcher/watcher.dart';

import '../entrypoint.dart';
import '../io.dart';
import '../log.dart' as log;
import '../package.dart';
import '../package_graph.dart';
import '../sdk.dart' as sdk;
import 'admin_server.dart';
import 'build_directory.dart';
import 'dart_forwarding_transformer.dart';
import 'dart2js_transformer.dart';
import 'load_all_transformers.dart';
import 'pub_package_provider.dart';
import 'barback_server.dart';

/// The entire "visible" state of the assets of a package and all of its
/// dependencies, taking into account the user's configuration when running pub.
///
/// Where [PackageGraph] just describes the entrypoint's dependencies as
/// specified by pubspecs, this includes "transient" information like the mode
/// that the user is running pub in, or which directories they want to build.
class BuildEnvironment {
  /// Creates a new build environment for working with the assets used by
  /// [entrypoint] and its dependencies.
  ///
  /// Spawns an HTTP server for each directory in [rootDirectories]. These
  /// servers will be on [hostname] and have ports based on [basePort].
  /// [basePort] itself is reserved for "web/" and `basePort + 1` is reserved
  /// for "test/"; further ports will be allocated for other root directories as
  /// necessary. If [basePort] is zero, each server will have an ephemeral port.
  ///
  /// Loads all used transformers using [mode] (including dart2js if
  /// [useDart2JS] is true).
  ///
  /// Includes [rootDirectories] in the root package, as well as "lib" and
  /// "asset".
  ///
  /// If [watcherType] is not [WatcherType.NONE], watches source assets for
  /// modification.
  ///
  /// Returns a [Future] that completes to the environment once the inputs,
  /// transformers, and server are loaded and ready.
  static Future<BuildEnvironment> create(Entrypoint entrypoint,
      String hostname, int basePort, BarbackMode mode, WatcherType watcherType,
      {bool useDart2JS: true}) {
    return entrypoint.loadPackageGraph().then((graph) {
      log.fine("Loaded package graph.");
      var barback = new Barback(new PubPackageProvider(graph));
      barback.log.listen(_log);

      var environment = new BuildEnvironment._(graph, barback, mode,
          watcherType, hostname, basePort);

      return environment._load(useDart2JS: useDart2JS)
          .then((_) => environment);
    });
  }

  /// The server for the Web Socket API and admin interface.
  AdminServer _adminServer;

  /// The public directories in the root package that are available for
  /// building, keyed by their root directory.
  final _directories = new Map<String, BuildDirectory>();

  /// The [Barback] instance used to process assets in this environment.
  final Barback barback;

  /// The root package being built.
  Package get rootPackage => graph.entrypoint.root;

  /// The underlying [PackageGraph] being built.
  final PackageGraph graph;

  /// The mode to run the transformers in.
  final BarbackMode mode;

  /// The [Transformer]s that should be appended by default to the root
  /// package's transformer cascade. Will be empty if there are none.
  final _builtInTransformers = <Transformer>[];

  /// How source files should be watched.
  final WatcherType _watcherType;

  /// The hostname that servers are bound to.
  final String _hostname;

  /// The starting number for ports that servers will be bound to.
  ///
  /// Servers will be bound to ports starting at this number and then
  /// incrementing from there. However, if this is zero, then ephemeral port
  /// numbers will be selected for each server.
  final int _basePort;

  /// The modified source assets that have not been sent to barback yet.
  ///
  /// The build environment can be paused (by calling [pauseUpdates]) and
  /// resumed ([resumeUpdates]). While paused, all source asset updates that
  /// come from watching or adding new directories are not sent to barback.
  /// When resumed, all pending source updates are sent to barback.
  ///
  /// This lets pub serve and pub build create an environment and bind several
  /// servers before barback starts building and producing results
  /// asynchronously.
  ///
  /// If this is `null`, then the environment is "live" and all updates will
  /// go to barback immediately.
  Set<AssetId> _modifiedSources;

  BuildEnvironment._(this.graph, this.barback, this.mode, this._watcherType,
      this._hostname, this._basePort);

  /// Gets the built-in [Transformer]s that should be added to [package].
  ///
  /// Returns `null` if there are none.
  Iterable<Transformer> getBuiltInTransformers(Package package) {
    // Built-in transformers only apply to the root package.
    if (package.name != rootPackage.name) return null;

    // The built-in transformers are for dart2js and forwarding assets around
    // dart2js.
    if (_builtInTransformers.isEmpty) return null;

    return _builtInTransformers;
  }

  /// Starts up the admin server on an appropriate port and returns it.
  ///
  /// This may only be called once on the build environment.
  Future<AdminServer> startAdminServer([int port]) {
    // Can only start once.
    assert(_adminServer == null);

    // The admin server is bound to one before the base port by default, unless
    // it's ephemeral in which case the admin port is too.
    if (port == null) port = _basePort == 0 ? 0 : _basePort - 1;

    return AdminServer.bind(this, _hostname, port)
        .then((server) => _adminServer = server);
  }

  /// Binds a new port to serve assets from within [rootDirectory] in the
  /// entrypoint package.
  ///
  /// Adds and watches the sources within that directory. Returns a [Future]
  /// that completes to the bound server.
  ///
  /// If [rootDirectory] is already being served, returns that existing server.
  Future<BarbackServer> serveDirectory(String rootDirectory) {
    // See if there is already a server bound to the directory.
    var directory = _directories[rootDirectory];
    if (directory != null) {
      return directory.server.then((server) {
        log.fine('Already serving $rootDirectory on ${server.url}.');
        return server;
      });
    }

    // See if the new directory overlaps any existing servers.
    var overlapping = _directories.keys.where((directory) =>
        path.isWithin(directory, rootDirectory) ||
        path.isWithin(rootDirectory, directory)).toList();

    if (overlapping.isNotEmpty) {
      return new Future.error(
          new OverlappingSourceDirectoryException(overlapping));
    }

    var port = _basePort;

    // If not using an ephemeral port, find the lowest-numbered available one.
    if (port != 0) {
      var boundPorts = _directories.values.map((directory) => directory.port)
          .toSet();
      while (boundPorts.contains(port)) {
        port++;
      }
    }

    var buildDirectory = new BuildDirectory(
        this, rootDirectory, _hostname, port);
    _directories[rootDirectory] = buildDirectory;

    return _provideDirectorySources(rootPackage, rootDirectory)
        .then((subscription) {
      buildDirectory.watchSubscription = subscription;
      return buildDirectory.serve();
    });
  }

  /// Stops the server bound to [rootDirectory].
  ///
  /// Also removes any source files within that directory from barback. Returns
  /// the URL of the unbound server, of `null` if [rootDirectory] was not
  /// bound to a server.
  Future<Uri> unserveDirectory(String rootDirectory) {
    log.fine("Unserving $rootDirectory.");
    var directory = _directories.remove(rootDirectory);
    if (directory == null) return new Future.value();

    return directory.server.then((server) {
      var url = server.url;
      return directory.close().then((_) {
        // Remove the sources from barback, unless some other build directory
        // includes them.
        return _removeDirectorySources(rootDirectory);
      }).then((_) => url);
    });
  }

  /// Gets the build directory that contains [assetPath] within the entrypoint
  /// package.
  ///
  /// If [assetPath] is not contained within a build directory, this will
  /// throw an exception.
  String getBuildDirectoryContaining(String assetPath) =>
      _directories.values
          .firstWhere((dir) => path.isWithin(dir.directory, assetPath))
          .directory;

  /// Return all URLs serving [assetPath] in this environment.
  Future<List<Uri>> getUrlsForAssetPath(String assetPath) {
    // Check the three (mutually-exclusive) places the path could be pointing.
    return _lookUpPathInServerRoot(assetPath).then((urls) {
      if (urls.isNotEmpty) return urls;
      return _lookUpPathInPackagesDirectory(assetPath);
    }).then((urls) {
      if (urls.isNotEmpty) return urls;
      return _lookUpPathInDependency(assetPath);
    });
  }

  /// Look up [assetPath] in the root directories of servers running in the
  /// entrypoint package.
  Future<List<Uri>> _lookUpPathInServerRoot(String assetPath) {
    // Find all of the servers whose root directories contain the asset and
    // generate appropriate URLs for each.
    return Future.wait(_directories.values
        .where((dir) => path.isWithin(dir.directory, assetPath))
        .map((dir) {
      var relativePath = path.relative(assetPath, from: dir.directory);
      return dir.server.then((server) =>
          server.url.resolveUri(path.toUri(relativePath)));
    }));
  }

  /// Look up [assetPath] in the "packages" directory in the entrypoint package.
  Future<List<Uri>> _lookUpPathInPackagesDirectory(String assetPath) {
    var components = path.split(path.relative(assetPath));
    if (components.first != "packages") return new Future.value([]);
    if (!graph.packages.containsKey(components[1])) return new Future.value([]);
    return Future.wait(_directories.values.map((dir) {
      return dir.server.then((server) =>
          server.url.resolveUri(path.toUri(assetPath)));
    }));
  }

  /// Look up [assetPath] in the "lib" or "asset" directory of a dependency
  /// package.
  Future<List<Uri>> _lookUpPathInDependency(String assetPath) {
    for (var package in graph.packages.values) {
      var libDir = path.join(package.dir, 'lib');
      var assetDir = path.join(package.dir, 'asset');

      var uri;
      if (path.isWithin(libDir, assetPath)) {
        uri = path.toUri(path.join('packages', package.name,
            path.relative(assetPath, from: libDir)));
      } else if (path.isWithin(assetDir, assetPath)) {
        uri = path.toUri(path.join('assets', package.name,
            path.relative(assetPath, from: assetDir)));
      } else {
        continue;
      }

      return Future.wait(_directories.values.map((dir) {
        return dir.server.then((server) => server.url.resolveUri(uri));
      }));
    }

    return new Future.value([]);
  }

  /// Given a URL to an asset served by this environment, returns the ID of the
  /// asset that would be accessed by that URL.
  ///
  /// If no server can serve [url], completes to `null`.
  Future<AssetId> getAssetIdForUrl(Uri url) {
    return Future.wait(_directories.values.map((dir) => dir.server))
        .then((servers) {
      var server = servers.firstWhere(
          (server) => server.address.host == url.host &&
              server.port == url.port,
          orElse: () => null);
      if (server == null) return null;
      return server.urlToId(url);
    });
  }

  /// Determines if [sourcePath] is contained within any of the directories in
  /// the root package that are visible to this build environment.
  bool containsPath(String sourcePath) {
    var directories = ["asset", "lib"];
    directories.addAll(_directories.keys);

    return directories.any((dir) => path.isWithin(dir, sourcePath));
  }

  /// Pauses sending source asset updates to barback.
  void pauseUpdates() {
    // Cannot pause while already paused.
    assert(_modifiedSources == null);

    _modifiedSources = new Set<AssetId>();
  }

  /// Sends any pending source updates to barback and begins the asynchronous
  /// build process.
  void resumeUpdates() {
    // Cannot resume while not paused.
    assert(_modifiedSources != null);

    barback.updateSources(_modifiedSources);
    _modifiedSources = null;
  }

  /// Loads the assets and transformers for this environment.
  ///
  /// This transforms and serves all library and asset files in all packages in
  /// the environment's package graph. It loads any transformer plugins defined
  /// in packages in [graph] and re-runs them as necessary when any input files
  /// change.
  ///
  /// If [useDart2JS] is `true`, then the [Dart2JSTransformer] is implicitly
  /// added to end of the root package's transformer phases.
  ///
  /// Returns a [Future] that completes once all inputs and transformers are
  /// loaded.
  Future _load({bool useDart2JS}) {
    // If the entrypoint package manually configures the dart2js
    // transformer, don't include it in the built-in transformer list.
    //
    // TODO(nweiz): if/when we support more built-in transformers, make
    // this more general.
    var containsDart2JS = graph.entrypoint.root.pubspec.transformers
        .any((transformers) => transformers
        .any((id) => id.package == '\$dart2js'));

    if (!containsDart2JS && useDart2JS) {
      _builtInTransformers.addAll([
        new Dart2JSTransformer(this, mode),
        new DartForwardingTransformer(mode)
      ]);
    }

    // "$pub" is a psuedo-package that allows pub's transformer-loading
    // infrastructure to share code with pub proper. We provide it only during
    // the initial transformer loading process.
    var dartPath = assetPath('dart');
    var pubSources = listDir(dartPath, recursive: true).map((library) {
      return new AssetId('\$pub',
          path.join('lib', path.relative(library, from: dartPath)));
    });

    // "$sdk" is a pseudo-package that allows the dart2js transformer to find
    // the Dart core libraries without hitting the file system directly. This
    // ensures they work with source maps.
    var libPath = path.join(sdk.rootDirectory, "lib");
    var sdkSources = listDir(libPath, recursive: true)
        .where((file) => path.extension(file) == ".dart")
        .map((file) => new AssetId('\$sdk',
            path.join("lib", path.relative(file, from: sdk.rootDirectory))));

    // Bind a server that we can use to load the transformers.
    var transformerServer;
    return BarbackServer.bind(this, _hostname, 0, null).then((server) {
      transformerServer = server;

      return log.progress("Loading source assets", () {
        barback.updateSources(pubSources);
        barback.updateSources(sdkSources);
        return _provideSources();
      });
    }).then((_) {
      log.fine("Provided sources.");
      var completer = new Completer();

      // If any errors get emitted either by barback or by the transformer
      // server, including non-programmatic barback errors, they should take
      // down the whole program.
      var subscriptions = [
        barback.errors.listen((error) {
          if (error is TransformerException) {
            var message = error.error.toString();
            if (error.stackTrace != null) {
              message += "\n" + error.stackTrace.terse.toString();
            }

            _log(new LogEntry(error.transform, error.transform.primaryId,
                LogLevel.ERROR, message, null));
          } else if (!completer.isCompleted) {
            completer.completeError(error, new Chain.current());
          }
        }),
        barback.results.listen((_) {},
            onError: (error, stackTrace) {
          if (completer.isCompleted) return;
          completer.completeError(error, stackTrace);
        }),
        transformerServer.results.listen((_) {}, onError: (error, stackTrace) {
          if (completer.isCompleted) return;
          completer.completeError(error, stackTrace);
        })
      ];

      loadAllTransformers(this, transformerServer).then((_) {
        log.fine("Loaded transformers.");
        return transformerServer.close();
      }).then((_) {
        if (!completer.isCompleted) completer.complete();
      }).catchError((error, stackTrace) {
        if (!completer.isCompleted) {
          completer.completeError(error, stackTrace);
        }
      });

      return completer.future.whenComplete(() {
        for (var subscription in subscriptions) {
          subscription.cancel();
        }
      });
    }).then((_) => barback.removeSources(pubSources));
  }

  /// Provides the public source assets in the environment to barback.
  ///
  /// If [watcherType] is not [WatcherType.NONE], enables watching on them.
  Future _provideSources() {
    return Future.wait(graph.packages.values.map((package) {
      // Just include the "shared" directories in each package. We'll add the
      // other build directories in the root package by calling
      // [serveDirectory].
      return Future.wait([
        _provideDirectorySources(package, "asset"),
        _provideDirectorySources(package, "lib")
      ]);
    }));
  }

  /// Provides all of the source assets within [dir] in [package] to barback.
  ///
  /// If [watcherType] is not [WatcherType.NONE], enables watching on them.
  /// Returns the subscription to the watcher, or `null` if none was created.
  Future<StreamSubscription<WatchEvent>> _provideDirectorySources(
      Package package, String dir) {
    log.fine("Providing sources for ${package.name}|$dir.");
    // TODO(rnystrom): Handle overlapping directories. If two served
    // directories overlap like so:
    //
    // $ pub serve example example/subdir
    //
    // Then the sources of the subdirectory will be updated and watched twice.
    // See: #17454
    if (_watcherType == WatcherType.NONE) {
      return _updateDirectorySources(package, dir);
    }

    // Watch the directory before listing is so we don't miss files that
    // are added between the initial list and registering the watcher.
    return _watchDirectorySources(package, dir).then((_) {
      return _updateDirectorySources(package, dir);
    });
  }

  /// Updates barback with all of the files in [dir] inside [package].
  Future _updateDirectorySources(Package package, String dir) {
    return _listDirectorySources(package, dir).then((ids) {
      if (_modifiedSources == null) {
        barback.updateSources(ids);
      } else {
        _modifiedSources.addAll(ids);
      }
    });
  }

  /// Removes all of the files in [dir] in the root package from barback unless
  /// some other build directory still contains them.
  Future _removeDirectorySources(String dir) {
    return _listDirectorySources(rootPackage, dir, where: (relative) {
      // TODO(rnystrom): This is O(n*m) where n is the number of files and
      // m is the number of served directories. Consider something more
      // optimal if this becomes a bottleneck.
      // Don't remove a source if some other directory still includes it.
      return !_directories.keys.any((dir) => path.isWithin(dir, relative));
    }).then((ids) {
      if (_modifiedSources == null) {
        barback.removeSources(ids);
      } else {
        _modifiedSources.removeAll(ids);
      }
    });
  }

  /// Lists all of the source assets in [dir] inside [package].
  ///
  /// For large packages, listing the contents is a performance bottleneck, so
  /// this is optimized for our needs in here instead of using the more general
  /// but slower [listDir].
  ///
  /// If [where] is given, then it is used to filter the resulting list of
  /// packages. Only assets whose relative path within [package] matches that
  /// will be included in the results.
  Future<List<AssetId>> _listDirectorySources(Package package, String dir,
      {bool where(String relativePath)}) {
    var subdirectory = path.join(package.dir, dir);
    if (!dirExists(subdirectory)) return new Future.value([]);

    return new Directory(subdirectory).list(recursive: true, followLinks: true)
        .expand((entry) {
      // Skip directories and (broken) symlinks.
      if (entry is Directory) return [];
      if (entry is Link) return [];

      var relative = path.normalize(
          path.relative(entry.path, from: package.dir));

      // Ignore hidden files or files in "packages" and hidden directories.
      if (path.split(relative).any((part) =>
          part.startsWith(".") || part == "packages")) {
        return [];
      }

      // Skip files that were (most likely) compiled from nearby ".dart"
      // files. These are created by the Editor's "Run as JavaScript"
      // command and are written directly into the package's directory.
      // When pub's dart2js transformer then tries to create the same file
      // name, we get a build error. To avoid that, just don't consider
      // that file to be a source.
      // TODO(rnystrom): Remove these when the Editor no longer generates
      // .js files and users have had enough time that they no longer have
      // these files laying around. See #15859.
      if (relative.endsWith(".dart.js")) return [];
      if (relative.endsWith(".dart.js.map")) return [];
      if (relative.endsWith(".dart.precompiled.js")) return [];

      if (where != null && !where(relative)) return [];

      return [new AssetId(package.name, relative)];
    }).toList();
  }

  /// Adds a file watcher for [dir] within [package], if the directory exists
  /// and the package needs watching.
  Future<StreamSubscription<WatchEvent>> _watchDirectorySources(
      Package package, String dir) {
    // If this package comes from a cached source, its contents won't change so
    // we don't need to monitor it. `packageId` will be null for the
    // application package, since that's not locked.
    var packageId = graph.lockFile.packages[package.name];
    if (packageId != null &&
        graph.entrypoint.cache.sources[packageId.source].shouldCache) {
      return new Future.value();
    }

    var subdirectory = path.join(package.dir, dir);
    if (!dirExists(subdirectory)) return new Future.value();

    // TODO(nweiz): close this watcher when [barback] is closed.
    var watcher = _watcherType.create(subdirectory);
    var subscription = watcher.events.listen((event) {
      // Don't watch files symlinked into these directories.
      // TODO(rnystrom): If pub gets rid of symlinks, remove this.
      var parts = path.split(event.path);
      if (parts.contains("packages") || parts.contains("assets")) return;

      // Skip files that were (most likely) compiled from nearby ".dart"
      // files. These are created by the Editor's "Run as JavaScript"
      // command and are written directly into the package's directory.
      // When pub's dart2js transformer then tries to create the same file
      // name, we get a build error. To avoid that, just don't consider
      // that file to be a source.
      // TODO(rnystrom): Remove these when the Editor no longer generates
      // .js files and users have had enough time that they no longer have
      // these files laying around. See #15859.
      if (event.path.endsWith(".dart.js")) return;
      if (event.path.endsWith(".dart.js.map")) return;
      if (event.path.endsWith(".dart.precompiled.js")) return;

      var id = new AssetId(package.name,
          path.relative(event.path, from: package.dir));
      if (event.type == ChangeType.REMOVE) {
        if (_modifiedSources != null) {
          _modifiedSources.remove(id);
        } else {
          barback.removeSources([id]);
        }
      } else if (_modifiedSources != null) {
        _modifiedSources.add(id);
      } else {
        barback.updateSources([id]);
      }
    });

    return watcher.ready.then((_) => subscription);
  }
}

/// Log [entry] using Pub's logging infrastructure.
///
/// Since both [LogEntry] objects and the message itself often redundantly
/// show the same context like the file where an error occurred, this tries
/// to avoid showing redundant data in the entry.
void _log(LogEntry entry) {
  messageMentions(text) =>
      entry.message.toLowerCase().contains(text.toLowerCase());

  messageMentionsAsset(id) =>
      messageMentions(id.toString()) ||
      messageMentions(path.fromUri(entry.assetId.path));

  var prefixParts = [];

  // Show the level (unless the message mentions it).
  if (!messageMentions(entry.level.name)) {
    prefixParts.add("${entry.level} from");
  }

  // Show the transformer.
  prefixParts.add(entry.transform.transformer);

  // Mention the primary input of the transform unless the message seems to.
  if (!messageMentionsAsset(entry.transform.primaryId)) {
    prefixParts.add("on ${entry.transform.primaryId}");
  }

  // If the relevant asset isn't the primary input, mention it unless the
  // message already does.
  if (entry.assetId != entry.transform.primaryId &&
      !messageMentionsAsset(entry.assetId)) {
    prefixParts.add("with input ${entry.assetId}");
  }

  var prefix = "[${prefixParts.join(' ')}]:";
  var message = entry.message;
  if (entry.span != null) {
    message = entry.span.getLocationMessage(entry.message);
  }

  switch (entry.level) {
    case LogLevel.ERROR:
      log.error("${log.red(prefix)}\n$message");
      break;

    case LogLevel.WARNING:
      log.warning("${log.yellow(prefix)}\n$message");
      break;

    case LogLevel.INFO:
      log.message("${log.cyan(prefix)}\n$message");
      break;

    case LogLevel.FINE:
      log.fine("${log.gray(prefix)}\n$message");
      break;
  }
}

/// Exception thrown when trying to serve a new directory that overlaps one or
/// more directories already being served.
class OverlappingSourceDirectoryException implements Exception {
  /// The relative paths of the directories that overlap the one that could not
  /// be served.
  final List<String> overlappingDirectories;

  OverlappingSourceDirectoryException(this.overlappingDirectories);
}

/// An enum describing different modes of constructing a [DirectoryWatcher].
abstract class WatcherType {
  /// A watcher that automatically chooses its type based on the operating
  /// system.
  static const AUTO = const _AutoWatcherType();

  /// A watcher that always polls the filesystem for changes.
  static const POLLING = const _PollingWatcherType();

  /// No directory watcher at all.
  static const NONE = const _NoneWatcherType();

  /// Creates a new DirectoryWatcher.
  DirectoryWatcher create(String directory);

  String toString();
}

class _AutoWatcherType implements WatcherType {
  const _AutoWatcherType();

  DirectoryWatcher create(String directory) =>
    new DirectoryWatcher(directory);

  String toString() => "auto";
}

class _PollingWatcherType implements WatcherType {
  const _PollingWatcherType();

  DirectoryWatcher create(String directory) =>
    new PollingDirectoryWatcher(directory);

  String toString() => "polling";
}

class _NoneWatcherType implements WatcherType {
  const _NoneWatcherType();

  DirectoryWatcher create(String directory) => null;

  String toString() => "none";
}