// Copyright (c) 2013, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

library dart2js.ir_pickler;

import 'ir_nodes.dart' as ir;
import '../dart2jslib.dart' show
    Constant, FalseConstant, TrueConstant, IntConstant, DoubleConstant,
    StringConstant, NullConstant, ListConstant, MapConstant,
    InterceptorConstant, DummyConstant, FunctionConstant, TypeConstant,
    ConstructedConstant,
    ConstantVisitor, ConstantSystem,
    Compiler, NO_LOCATION_SPANNABLE;
import 'dart:typed_data' show ByteData, Endianness, Uint8List;
import 'dart:convert' show UTF8;
import '../tree/tree.dart' as ast show
    DartString, LiteralDartString, RawSourceDartString, EscapedSourceDartString,
    ConsDartString;
import '../elements/elements.dart' show
    Element, LibraryElement, FunctionElement;
import '../universe/universe.dart' show Selector, TypedSelector, SelectorKind;

part 'ir_unpickler.dart';

/* The int(entries) counts expression nodes, which might potentially be
 * referred to in a back reference.
 *
 * pickle   ::= int(entries) function
 *
 * function ::= int(parameter count) {element(parameter)} node(body)
 *
 * int      ::= see [writeInt] for number encoding
 *
 * string   ::= byte(STRING_ASCII) int(length) {byte(ascii)}
 *            | byte(STRING_UTF8) int(length) {byte(utf8)}
 *
 * node      ::= byte(NODE_CONSTANT) constant node(next)
 *             | byte(NODE_LET_CONT) node(next) node(body)
 *             | byte(NODE_INVOKE_STATIC) element selector
 *                   reference(continuation) {reference(argument)}
 *             | byte(NODE_INVOKE_CONTINUATION) reference(continuation)
 *                   reference(argument)
 *
 * reference ::= int(indexDelta)
 *
 * constant   ::= byte(CONST_BOOL) byte(0 or 1)
 *              | byte(CONST_DOUBLE) byte{8}
 *              | byte(CONST_INT) int(value)
 *              | byte(CONST_STRING_LITERAL) string
 *              | byte(CONST_STRING_RAW) string int(length)
 *              | byte(CONST_STRING_ESCAPED) string int(length)
 *              | byte(CONST_STRING_CONS) constant(left) constant(right)
 *              | byte(CONST_NULL)
 *
 * selector   ::= byte(BACKREFERENCE) reference
 *              | byte(SELECTOR_UNTYPED) int(kind) string(name) element(library)
 *                    int(argumentsCount) int(namedArgumentsCount)
 *                    {string(parameterName)}
 *
 * element    ::= int(constantPoolIndex)
 */
class Pickles {
  static const int BACKREFERENCE = 1;

  static const int STRING_ASCII = BACKREFERENCE + 1;
  static const int STRING_UTF8  = STRING_ASCII + 1;

  static const int FIRST_NODE_TAG           = STRING_UTF8 + 1;
  static const int NODE_CONSTANT            = FIRST_NODE_TAG;
  static const int NODE_LET_CONT            = NODE_CONSTANT + 1;
  static const int NODE_INVOKE_STATIC       = NODE_LET_CONT + 1;
  static const int NODE_INVOKE_CONTINUATION = NODE_INVOKE_STATIC + 1;
  static const int LAST_NODE_TAG            = NODE_INVOKE_CONTINUATION;

  static const int FIRST_CONST_TAG      = LAST_NODE_TAG + 1;
  static const int CONST_BOOL           = FIRST_CONST_TAG;
  static const int CONST_INT            = CONST_BOOL + 1;
  static const int CONST_DOUBLE         = CONST_INT + 1;
  static const int CONST_STRING_LITERAL = CONST_DOUBLE + 1;
  static const int CONST_STRING_RAW     = CONST_STRING_LITERAL + 1;
  static const int CONST_STRING_ESCAPED = CONST_STRING_RAW + 1;
  static const int CONST_STRING_CONS    = CONST_STRING_ESCAPED + 1;
  static const int CONST_NULL           = CONST_STRING_CONS + 1;
  static const int LAST_CONST_TAG       = CONST_NULL;

  static const int FIRST_SELECTOR_TAG = LAST_CONST_TAG + 1;
  static const int SELECTOR_UNTYPED   = FIRST_SELECTOR_TAG;
  static const int LAST_SELECTOR_TAG  = SELECTOR_UNTYPED;

  static const int LAST_TAG = LAST_SELECTOR_TAG;

  static final List<SelectorKind> selectorKindFromId = _selectorKindFromId();

  static List<SelectorKind> _selectorKindFromId() {
    List<SelectorKind> result = <SelectorKind>[
        SelectorKind.GETTER,
        SelectorKind.SETTER,
        SelectorKind.CALL,
        SelectorKind.OPERATOR,
        SelectorKind.INDEX];
    for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
      assert(result[i].hashCode == i);
    }
    return result;
  }
}

class IrConstantPool {
  static Map<LibraryElement, IrConstantPool> _constantPools =
      <LibraryElement, IrConstantPool>{};

  static IrConstantPool forLibrary(LibraryElement library) {
    return _constantPools.putIfAbsent(library, () => new IrConstantPool());
  }

  /**
   * The entries of the constant pool. Method [add] ensures that an object
   * is only added once to this list.
   */
  List<Object> entries = <Object>[];

  /**
   * This map is the inverse of [entries], it stores the index of each object.
   */
  Map<Object, int> entryIndex = <Object, int>{};

  int add(Object o) {
    return entryIndex.putIfAbsent(o, () {
      entries.add(o);
      return entries.length - 1;
    });
  }

  Object get(int index) => entries[index];
}

/**
 * The [Pickler] serializes [ir.Node]s to a byte array.
 */
class Pickler extends ir.Visitor {
  ConstantPickler constantPickler;

  IrConstantPool constantPool;

  Pickler(this.constantPool) {
    assert(Pickles.LAST_TAG <= 0xff);
    constantPickler = new ConstantPickler(this);
  }

  static final int INITIAL_SIZE = 8;
  static final int MAX_GROW_RATE = 4096;

  List<int> data;

  /** Offset of the next byte that will be written. */
  int offset;

  /** Stores the index for emitted entries that might be back-referenced. */
  Map<Object, int> emitted;

  /** A counter for entries in the [emitted] map. */
  int index;

  /**
   * This buffer is used in [writeConstDouble] to obtain a byte representation
   * for doubles.
   */
  ByteData doubleData = new ByteData(8);

  List<int> pickle(ir.FunctionDefinition function) {
    data = new Uint8List(INITIAL_SIZE);
    offset = 0;
    emitted = <Object, int>{};
    index = 0;
    function.accept(this);

    int sizeOffset = offset;
    writeInt(emitted.length);
    int sizeBytes = offset - sizeOffset;

    // The array is longer than necessary, create a copy with the actual size.
    Uint8List result = new Uint8List(offset);
    // Emit the number or entries in the beginning.
    for (int i = 0, j = sizeOffset; i < sizeBytes; i++, j++) {
      result[i] = data[j];
    }
    for (int i = sizeBytes, j = 0; i < offset; i++, j++) {
      result[i] = data[j];
    }
    return result;
  }

  void resize(int newSize) {
    Uint8List newData = new Uint8List(newSize);
    for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
      newData[i] = data[i];
    }
    data = newData;
  }

  void ensureCapacity() {
    // (offset == data.length-1) is still OK, the byte at [offset] has not yet
    // been written.
    int size = data.length;
    if (offset < size) return;
    if (size > MAX_GROW_RATE) {
      size += MAX_GROW_RATE;
    } else {
      size *= 2;
    }
    resize(size);
  }

  static isByte(int byte) => 0 <= byte && byte <= 0xff;

  void writeByte(int byte) {
    assert(isByte(byte));
    ensureCapacity();
    data[offset++] = byte;
  }

  /**
   * Writes integers to the buffer.
   *
   * The least significant bit of the serialized data encodes the sign. Each
   * byte contains 7 bits of data and one bit indicating if it is the last byte
   * of the number.
   */
  void writeInt(int n) {
    bool isNegative = n < 0;
    n = isNegative ? -n : n;
    // Least significant bit is the sign.
    int bits = (n << 1) | (isNegative ? 1 : 0);
    do {
      int next = bits & 0x7f;
      bits >>= 7;
      bool hasMore = bits != 0;
      next = (next << 1) | (hasMore ? 1 : 0);
      writeByte(next);
    } while (bits != 0);
  }

  void writeString(String s) {
    int startOffset = offset;
    writeByte(Pickles.STRING_ASCII);
    writeInt(s.length);
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
      int c = s.codeUnitAt(i);
      if (c < 0x80) {
        writeByte(c);
      } else {
        // Strings with non-ascii characters are encoded using UTF-8.
        writeUtf8String(s, startOffset);
        return;
      }
    }
  }

  void writeUtf8String(String s, int startOffset) {
    offset = startOffset;
    writeByte(Pickles.STRING_UTF8);
    List<int> bytes = UTF8.encode(s);
    writeInt(bytes.length);
    for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
      writeByte(bytes[i]);
    }
  }

  /**
   * This function records [entry] in the [emitted] table. It needs to be
   * invoked when pickling an object which might later on be used in a back
   * reference, for example expression nodes or selectors.
   */
  void recordForBackReference(Object entry) {
    assert(emitted[entry] == null);
    emitted[entry] = index++;
  }

  void writeBackReference(Object entry) {
    int entryIndex = emitted[entry];
    writeInt(index - entryIndex);
  }

  void writeBackReferenceList(List entries) {
    writeInt(entries.length);
    for (int i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
      writeBackReference(entries[i]);
    }
  }

  void writeConstBool(bool b) {
    writeByte(Pickles.CONST_BOOL);
    writeByte(b ? 1 : 0);
  }

  void writeConstInt(int n) {
    writeByte(Pickles.CONST_INT);
    writeInt(n);
  }

  void writeConstDouble(double d) {
    writeByte(Pickles.CONST_DOUBLE);
    doubleData.setFloat64(0, d, Endianness.BIG_ENDIAN);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
      writeByte(doubleData.getUint8(i));
    }
  }

  void writeDartString(ast.DartString s) {
    if (s is ast.LiteralDartString) {
      writeByte(Pickles.CONST_STRING_LITERAL);
      writeString(s.string);
    } else if (s is ast.RawSourceDartString) {
      writeByte(Pickles.CONST_STRING_RAW);
      writeString(s.source);
      writeInt(s.length);
    } else if (s is ast.EscapedSourceDartString) {
      writeByte(Pickles.CONST_STRING_ESCAPED);
      writeString(s.source);
      writeInt(s.length);
    } else if (s is ast.ConsDartString) {
      writeByte(Pickles.CONST_STRING_CONS);
      writeDartString(s.left);
      writeDartString(s.right);
    } else {
      throw "Unexpected DartString: $s";
    }
  }

  void writeConstNull() {
    writeByte(Pickles.CONST_NULL);
  }

  void writeElement(Element element) {
    writeInt(constantPool.add(element));
  }

  void writeSelector(Selector selector) {
    if (emitted.containsKey(selector)) {
      writeByte(Pickles.BACKREFERENCE);
      writeBackReference(selector);
    } else {
      recordForBackReference(selector);
      assert(selector is !TypedSelector);
      writeByte(Pickles.SELECTOR_UNTYPED);
      writeInt(selector.kind.hashCode);
      writeString(selector.name);
      writeElement(selector.library);
      writeInt(selector.argumentCount);
      int namedArgumentsCount = selector.namedArguments.length;
      writeInt(namedArgumentsCount);
      for (int i = 0; i < namedArgumentsCount; i++) {
        writeString(selector.namedArguments[i]);
      }
    }
  }

  void visitFunctionDefinition(ir.FunctionDefinition node) {
    // The continuation parameter is bound in the body.
    recordForBackReference(node.returnContinuation);
    writeInt(node.parameters.length);
    for (var parameter in node.parameters) {
      recordForBackReference(parameter);
      writeElement(parameter.element);
    }
    node.body.accept(this);
  }

  void visitLetPrim(ir.LetPrim node) {
    node.primitive.accept(this);
    // The right-hand side is bound in the body.
    recordForBackReference(node.primitive);
    node.body.accept(this);
  }

  void visitLetCont(ir.LetCont node) {
    // There are two choices of which expression tree to write first---the
    // continuation body or the LetCont body.  The unpickler will unpickle the
    // the first recursively and the second iteratively.  Since the hole in
    // LetCont contexts is in the continuation body, the continuation should be
    // written second.
    writeByte(Pickles.NODE_LET_CONT);
    // The continuation is bound in the body.
    recordForBackReference(node.continuation);
    node.body.accept(this);
    // The continuation parameter is bound in the continuation's body.
    recordForBackReference(node.continuation.parameter);
    node.continuation.body.accept(this);
  }

  void visitInvokeStatic(ir.InvokeStatic node) {
    writeByte(Pickles.NODE_INVOKE_STATIC);
    writeElement(node.target);
    writeSelector(node.selector);
    // TODO(lry): compact encoding when the arity of the selector and the
    // arguments list are the same
    writeBackReference(node.continuation.definition);
    writeBackReferenceList(node.arguments.map(
        (a) => a.definition).toList(growable: false));
  }

  void visitInvokeContinuation(ir.InvokeContinuation node) {
    writeByte(Pickles.NODE_INVOKE_CONTINUATION);
    writeBackReference(node.continuation.definition);
    writeBackReference(node.argument.definition);
  }

  void visitConstant(ir.Constant node) {
    writeByte(Pickles.NODE_CONSTANT);
    node.value.accept(constantPickler);
  }

  void visitNode(ir.Node node) {
    throw "Unexpected $node in pickler.";
  }
}

/**
 * A visitor for constants which writes the constant values to its [Pickler].
 */
class ConstantPickler extends ConstantVisitor {

  final Pickler pickler;
  ConstantPickler(this.pickler);

  void visitFalse(FalseConstant constant) {
    pickler.writeConstBool(false);
  }

  void visitTrue(TrueConstant constant) {
    pickler.writeConstBool(true);
  }

  void visitInt(IntConstant constant) {
    pickler.writeConstInt(constant.value);
  }

  void visitDouble(DoubleConstant constant) {
    pickler.writeConstDouble(constant.value);
  }

  void visitString(StringConstant constant) {
    pickler.writeDartString(constant.value);
  }

  void visitNull(NullConstant constant) {
    pickler.writeConstNull();
  }

  void visitList(ListConstant constant) => abort(constant);
  void visitMap(MapConstant constant) => abort(constant);
  void visitInterceptor(InterceptorConstant constant) => abort(constant);
  void visitDummy(DummyConstant constant) => abort(constant);
  void visitFunction(FunctionConstant constant) => abort(constant);
  void visitType(TypeConstant constant) => abort(constant);
  void visitConstructed(ConstructedConstant constant) => abort(constant);

  void abort(Constant value) => throw "Can not pickle constant $value";
}