// Copyright (c) 2012, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

import 'dart:async';

import 'package:collection/collection.dart' show IterableNullableExtension;
import 'package:pub_semver/pub_semver.dart';

import 'exceptions.dart';
import 'language_version.dart';
import 'package_name.dart';
import 'pubspec.dart';
import 'system_cache.dart';

/// A source from which to get packages.
///
/// Each source has many packages that it looks up using [PackageId]s. Sources
/// that inherit this directly (currently just [PathSource]) are *uncached*
/// sources. They deliver a package directly to the package that depends on it.
///
/// Other sources are *cached* sources. These extend [CachedSource]. When a
/// package needs a dependency from a cached source, it is first installed in
/// the [SystemCache] and then acquired from there.
///
/// Each user-visible source has two classes: a [Source] that knows how to do
/// filesystem-independent operations like parsing and comparing descriptions,
/// and a [BoundSource] that knows how to actually install (and potentially
/// download) those packages. Only the [BoundSource] has access to the
/// [SystemCache].
///
/// ## Subclassing
///
/// All [Source]s should extend this class and all [BoundSource]s should extend
/// [BoundSource]. In addition to defining the behavior of various methods,
/// sources define the structure of package descriptions used in [PackageRef]s,
/// [PackageRange]s, and [PackageId]s. There are three distinct types of
/// description, although in practice most sources use the same format for one
/// or more of these:
///
/// * User descriptions. These are included in pubspecs and usually written by
///   hand. They're typically more flexible in the formats they allow to
///   optimize for ease of authoring.
///
/// * Reference descriptions. These are the descriptions in [PackageRef]s and
///   [PackageRange]. They're parsed directly from user descriptions using
///   [parseRef], and so add no additional information.
///
/// * ID descriptions. These are the descriptions in [PackageId]s, which
///   uniquely identify and provide the means to locate the concrete code of a
///   package. They may contain additional expensive-to-compute information
///   relative to the corresponding reference descriptions. These are the
///   descriptions stored in lock files.
abstract class Source {
  /// The name of the source.
  ///
  /// Should be lower-case, suitable for use in a filename, and unique across
  /// all sources.
  String get name;

  /// Whether this source can choose between multiple versions of the same
  /// package during version solving.
  ///
  /// Defaults to `false`.
  bool get hasMultipleVersions => false;

  /// Records the system cache to which this source belongs.
  ///
  /// This should only be called once for each source, by
  /// [SystemCache.register]. It should not be overridden by base classes.
  BoundSource bind(SystemCache systemCache);

  /// Parses a [PackageRef] from a name and a user-provided [description].
  ///
  /// When a [Pubspec] is parsed, it reads in the description for each
  /// dependency. It is up to the dependency's [Source] to determine how that
  /// should be interpreted. This will be called during parsing to validate that
  /// the given [description] is well-formed according to this source, and to
  /// give the source a chance to canonicalize the description.
  /// For simple hosted dependencies like `foo:` or `foo: ^1.2.3`, the
  /// [description] may also be `null`.
  ///
  /// [containingPath] is the path to the pubspec where this description
  /// appears. It may be `null` if the description is coming from some in-memory
  /// source (such as pulling down a pubspec from pub.dartlang.org).
  ///
  /// [languageVersion] is the minimum Dart version parsed from the pubspec's
  /// `environment` field. Source implementations may use this parameter to only
  /// support specific syntax for some versions.
  ///
  /// The description in the returned [PackageRef] need bear no resemblance to
  /// the original user-provided description.
  ///
  /// Throws a [FormatException] if the description is not valid.
  PackageRef parseRef(
    String name,
    description, {
    String? containingPath,
    required LanguageVersion languageVersion,
  });

  /// Parses a [PackageId] from a name and a serialized description.
  ///
  /// This only accepts descriptions serialized using [serializeDescription]. It
  /// should not be used with user-authored descriptions.
  ///
  /// [containingPath] is the path to the lockfile where this description
  /// appears. It may be `null` if the description is coming from some in-memory
  /// source.
  ///
  /// Throws a [FormatException] if the description is not valid.
  PackageId parseId(String name, Version version, description,
      {String? containingPath});

  /// When a [LockFile] is serialized, it uses this method to get the
  /// [description] in the right format.
  ///
  /// [containingPath] is the containing directory of the root package.
  dynamic serializeDescription(String? containingPath, description) {
    return description;
  }

  /// When a package [description] is shown to the user, this is called to
  /// convert it into a human-friendly form.
  ///
  /// By default, it just converts the description to a string, but sources
  /// may customize this.
  String formatDescription(description) {
    return description.toString();
  }

  /// Returns whether or not [description1] describes the same package as
  /// [description2] for this source.
  ///
  /// This method should be light-weight. It doesn't need to validate that
  /// either package exists.
  ///
  /// Note that either description may be a reference description or an ID
  /// description; they need not be the same type. ID descriptions should be
  /// considered equal to the reference descriptions that produced them.
  bool descriptionsEqual(description1, description2);

  /// Returns a hash code for [description].
  ///
  /// Descriptions that compare equal using [descriptionsEqual] should return
  /// the same hash code.
  int hashDescription(description);

  /// Returns the source's name.
  @override
  String toString() => name;
}

/// A source bound to a [SystemCache].
abstract class BoundSource {
  /// The unbound source that produced [this].
  Source get source;

  /// The system cache to which [this] is bound.
  SystemCache get systemCache;

  /// Get the IDs of all versions that match [ref].
  ///
  /// Note that this does *not* require the packages to be downloaded locally,
  /// which is the point. This is used during version resolution to determine
  /// which package versions are available to be downloaded (or already
  /// downloaded).
  ///
  /// By default, this assumes that each description has a single version and
  /// uses [describe] to get that version.
  ///
  /// Sources should not override this. Instead, they implement [doGetVersions].
  ///
  /// If [maxAge] is given answers can be taken from cache - up to that age old.
  ///
  /// If given, the [allowedRetractedVersion] is the only version which can be
  /// selected even if it is marked as retracted. Otherwise, all the returned
  /// IDs correspond to non-retracted versions.
  Future<List<PackageId>> getVersions(PackageRef ref,
      {Duration? maxAge, Version? allowedRetractedVersion}) async {
    if (ref.isRoot) {
      throw ArgumentError('Cannot get versions for the root package.');
    }
    if (ref.source != source) {
      throw ArgumentError('Package $ref does not use source ${source.name}.');
    }

    var versions = await doGetVersions(ref, maxAge);

    versions = (await Future.wait(versions.map((id) async {
      final packageStatus = await status(id, maxAge: maxAge);
      if (!packageStatus.isRetracted || id.version == allowedRetractedVersion) {
        return id;
      }
      return null;
    })))
        .whereNotNull()
        .toList();

    return versions;
  }

  /// Get the IDs of all versions that match [ref].
  ///
  /// Note that this does *not* require the packages to be downloaded locally,
  /// which is the point. This is used during version resolution to determine
  /// which package versions are available to be downloaded (or already
  /// downloaded).
  ///
  /// By default, this assumes that each description has a single version and
  /// uses [describe] to get that version.
  ///
  /// This method is effectively protected: subclasses must implement it, but
  /// external code should not call this. Instead, call [getVersions].
  Future<List<PackageId>> doGetVersions(PackageRef ref, Duration? maxAge);

  /// A cache of pubspecs described by [describe].
  final _pubspecs = <PackageId, Pubspec>{};

  /// Loads the (possibly remote) pubspec for the package version identified by
  /// [id].
  ///
  /// This may be called for packages that have not yet been downloaded during
  /// the version resolution process. Its results are automatically memoized.
  ///
  /// Throws a [DataException] if the pubspec's version doesn't match [id]'s
  /// version.
  ///
  /// Sources should not override this. Instead, they implement [doDescribe].
  Future<Pubspec> describe(PackageId id) async {
    if (id.isRoot) throw ArgumentError('Cannot describe the root package.');
    if (id.source != source) {
      throw ArgumentError('Package $id does not use source ${source.name}.');
    }

    var pubspec = _pubspecs[id];
    if (pubspec != null) return pubspec;

    // Delegate to the overridden one.
    pubspec = await doDescribe(id);
    if (pubspec.version != id.version) {
      throw PackageNotFoundException(
          'the pubspec for $id has version ${pubspec.version}');
    }

    _pubspecs[id] = pubspec;
    return pubspec;
  }

  /// Loads the (possibly remote) pubspec for the package version identified by
  /// [id].
  ///
  /// For sources that have only one version for a given [PackageRef], this may
  /// return a pubspec with a different version than that specified by [id]. If
  /// they do, [describe] will throw a [PackageNotFoundException].
  ///
  /// This may be called for packages that have not yet been downloaded during
  /// the version resolution process.
  ///
  /// This method is effectively protected: subclasses must implement it, but
  /// external code should not call this. Instead, call [describe].
  Future<Pubspec> doDescribe(PackageId id);

  /// Returns the directory where this package can (or could) be found locally.
  ///
  /// If the source is cached, this will be a path in the system cache.
  ///
  /// If id is a relative path id, the directory will be relative from
  /// [relativeFrom]. Returns an absolute path if [relativeFrom] is not passed.
  String getDirectory(PackageId id, {String? relativeFrom});

  /// Returns metadata about a given package.
  ///
  /// For remotely hosted packages, the information can be cached for up to
  /// [maxAge]. If [maxAge] is not given, the information is not cached.
  ///
  /// In the case of offline sources, [maxAge] is not used, since information is
  /// per definiton cached.
  Future<PackageStatus> status(PackageId id, {Duration? maxAge}) async =>
      // Default implementation has no metadata.
      PackageStatus();

  /// Stores [pubspec] so it's returned when [describe] is called with [id].
  ///
  /// This is notionally protected; it should only be called by subclasses.
  void memoizePubspec(PackageId id, Pubspec pubspec) {
    _pubspecs[id] = pubspec;
  }
}

/// Metadata about a [PackageId].
class PackageStatus {
  /// `null` if not [isDiscontinued]. Otherwise contains the
  /// replacement string provided by the host or `null` if there is no
  /// replacement.
  final String? discontinuedReplacedBy;
  final bool isDiscontinued;
  final bool isRetracted;
  PackageStatus(
      {this.isDiscontinued = false,
      this.discontinuedReplacedBy,
      this.isRetracted = false});
}