feat(web): Add navigation focus handler for assistive technology focus restoration (#170046)

**Description**
This pull request adds a navigation focus handler to the Flutter web
engine that bridges assistive technology activations with Flutter's
focus tracking system. The listener intercepts screen reader activations
(VoiceOver, NVDA, JAWS, etc.) and forces DOM focus on the activated
elements, ensuring they integrate properly with Flutter's navigation
focus restoration.

**Before**
When using VoiceOver or other screen readers to navigate between pages
in a Flutter web app, focus restoration would fail because assistive
technology activations don't naturally trigger the DOM focus events that
Flutter's navigation system expects. Users would lose their navigation
context, with focus jumping to default elements instead of returning to
the previously activated button.

**Before behavior demo**
https://focus-demo-0529-before.web.app
On mac os, Use command + F5 to activate voice over.
Use control + option + arrow right to focus on "Go to page two" button.
Use control + option +  space to click the "Go to page two" button.
Then in page two, use control + option + arrow right to focus on "Back
to page one" button.
The focus will be on "Page one" heading instead of "Go to page two"
button. This is not expected

**After**
Screen reader users can now navigate between pages and have their focus
properly restored to the previously activated element (e.g., "Go to Page
Two" button) when returning to a previous page, providing a consistent
and accessible navigation experience across all assistive technologies.

**After behavior demo**
https://focus-demo-0529-after.web.app
On mac os, Use command + F5 to activate voice over.
Use control + option + arrow right to focus on "Go to page two" button.
Use control + option +  space to click the "Go to page two" button.
Then in page two, use control + option + arrow right to focus on "Back
to page one" button.
The focus will be on "Go to page two" button. This is expected.

**Issue Fixed**
This PR addresses GitHub Issue #140483, which reports that VoiceOver
focus restoration doesn't work in Flutter web applications during
navigation.

## Pre-launch Checklist

- [x] I read the [Contributor Guide] and followed the process outlined
there for submitting PRs.
- [x] I read the [Tree Hygiene] wiki page, which explains my
responsibilities.
- [x] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features
we expect every widget to implement].
- [x] I signed the [CLA].
- [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description
above.
- [x] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`).
- [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [x] I followed the [breaking change policy] and added [Data Driven
Fixes] where supported.
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.
https://dart.googlesource.com/external/github.com/flutter/flutter/+/bb784b983b6e0e5f9391080ff159aa2381266376
2 files changed
tree: e16def2e1dc55be68b77695128c78c5494c5b5c0
  1. engine/
  2. tools/
  3. .gitignore
  4. commits.json
  5. DEPS
  6. OWNERS
  7. README.md
README.md

Monorepo

A gclient solution for checking out Dart and Flutter source trees

Monorepo is:

  • Optimized for Tip-of-Tree testing: The Monorepo DEPS used to check out Dart and Flutter dependencies comes from the Flutter engine DEPS with updated dependencies from Dart.

Checking out Monorepo

With depot_tools installed and on your path, create a directory for your monorepo checkout and run these commands to create a gclient solution in that directory:

mkdir monorepo
cd monorepo
gclient config --unmanaged https://dart.googlesource.com/monorepo
gclient sync -D

This gives you a checkout in the monorepo directory that contains:

monorepo/
  DEPS - the DEPS used for this gclient checkout
  commits.json - the pinned commits for Dart, flutter/engine,
                 and flutter/flutter
  tools/ - scripts used to create monorepo DEPS
engine/src/ - the flutter/buildroot repo
    flutter/ - the flutter/engine repo
    out/ - the build directory, where Flutter engine builds are created
    third_party/ - Flutter dependencies checked out by DEPS
      dart/ - the Dart SDK checkout.
        third_party - Dart dependencies, also used by Flutter
flutter/ - the flutter/flutter repo

Building Flutter engine

Flutter's instructions for building the engine are at Compiling the engine

They can be followed closely, with a few changes:

  • Googlers working on Dart do not need to switch to Fuchsia's Goma RBE, except for Windows. The GOMA_DIR enviroment variable can just point to the .cipd_bin directory in a depot_tools installation, and just goma_ctl ensure_start is sufficient.
  • The --no-prebuilt-dart-sdk option has to be added to every gn command, so that the build is set up to build and use a local Dart SDK.
  • The --full-dart-sdk option must be added to gn for the host build target if you will be building web or desktop apps.

Example build commands that work on linux:

MONOREPO_PATH=$PWD
if [[ ! $PATH =~ (^|:)$MONOREPO_PATH/flutter/bin(:|$) ]]; then
  PATH=$MONOREPO_PATH/flutter/bin:$PATH
fi

export GOMA_DIR=$(dirname $(command -v gclient))/.cipd_bin
goma_ctl ensure_start

pushd engine/src
flutter/tools/gn --goma --no-prebuilt-dart-sdk --unoptimized --full-dart-sdk
autoninja -C out/host_debug_unopt
popd

Building Flutter apps

The Flutter commands used to build and run apps will use the locally built Flutter engine and Dart SDK, instead of the one downloaded by the Flutter tool, if the --local-engine option is provided.

For example, to build and run the Flutter spinning square sample on the web platform,

MONOREPO_PATH=$PWD
cd flutter/examples/layers
flutter --local-engine=host_debug_unopt \
  -d chrome run widgets/spinning_square.dart
cd $MONOREPO_PATH

To build for desktop, specify the desktop platform device in flutter run as -d macos or -d linux or -d windows. You may also need to run the command

flutter create --platforms=windows,macos,linux

on existing apps, such as sample apps. New apps created with flutter create already include these support files. Details of desktop support are at Desktop Support for Flutter

Testing

Tests in the Flutter source tree can be run with the flutter test command, run in the directory of a package containing tests. For example:

MONOREPO_PATH=$PWD
cd flutter/packages/flutter
flutter test --local-engine=host_debug_unopt
cd $MONOREPO_PATH

Troubleshooting

Please file an issue or email the dart-engprod team with any problems with or questions about using monorepo.

We will update this documentation to address them.

  • flutter commands may download the engine and Dart SDK files for the configured channel, even though they will be using the local engine and its SDK.

Windows

  • On Windows, gclient sync needs to be run in an administrator session, because some installed dependencies create symlinks.