// Copyright (c) 2012, the Dart project authors.  Please see the AUTHORS file
// for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
// BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

part of intl;

/// Given a month and day number, return the day of the year, all one-based.
///
/// For example,
///  * January 2nd (1, 2) -> 2.
///  * February 5th (2, 5) -> 36.
///  * March 1st of a non-leap year (3, 1) -> 60.
int _dayOfYear(int month, int day, bool leapYear) {
  if (month == 1) return day;
  if (month == 2) return day + 31;
  return ordinalDayFromMarchFirst(month, day) + 59 + (leapYear ? 1 : 0);
}

/// Return true if this is a leap year. Rely on [DateTime] to do the
/// underlying calculation, even though it doesn't expose the test to us.
bool _isLeapYear(DateTime date) {
  var feb29 = new DateTime(date.year, 2, 29);
  return feb29.month == 2;
}

/// Return the day of the year counting March 1st as 1, after which the
/// number of days per month is constant, so it's easier to calculate.
/// Formula from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_date
int ordinalDayFromMarchFirst(int month, int day) =>
    ((30.6 * month) - 91.4).floor() + day;

/// A class for holding onto the data for a date so that it can be built
/// up incrementally.
class _DateBuilder {
  // Default the date values to the EPOCH so that there's a valid date
  // in case the format doesn't set them.
  int year = 1970,
      month = 1,
      day = 1,
      hour = 0,
      minute = 0,
      second = 0,
      fractionalSecond = 0;
  bool pm = false;
  bool utc = false;

  /// Is this constructing a pure date.
  ///
  /// This is important because some locales change times at midnight,
  /// e.g. Brazil. So if we try to create a DateTime representing a date at
  /// midnight on the day of transition it will jump forward or back 1 hour.  If
  /// it jumps forward that's mostly harmless if we only care about the
  /// date. But if it jumps backwards that will change the date, which is
  /// bad. Compensate by adjusting the time portion forward. But only do that
  /// when we're explicitly trying to construct a date, which we can tell from
  /// the format.
  bool _dateOnly = false;

  // Functions that exist just to be closurized so we can pass them to a general
  // method.
  void setYear(x) {
    year = x;
  }

  void setMonth(x) {
    month = x;
  }

  void setDay(x) {
    day = x;
  }

  void setHour(x) {
    hour = x;
  }

  void setMinute(x) {
    minute = x;
  }

  void setSecond(x) {
    second = x;
  }

  void setFractionalSecond(x) {
    fractionalSecond = x;
  }

  get hour24 => pm ? hour + 12 : hour;

  /// Verify that we correspond to a valid date. This will reject out of
  /// range values, even if the DateTime constructor would accept them. An
  /// invalid message will result in throwing a [FormatException].
  verify(String s) {
    _verify(month, 1, 12, "month", s);
    _verify(hour24, 0, 23, "hour", s);
    _verify(minute, 0, 59, "minute", s);
    _verify(second, 0, 59, "second", s);
    _verify(fractionalSecond, 0, 999, "fractional second", s);
    // Verifying the day is tricky, because it depends on the month. Create
    // our resulting date and then verify that our values agree with it
    // as an additional verification. And since we're doing that, also
    // check the year, which we otherwise can't verify, and the hours,
    // which will catch cases like "14:00:00 PM".
    var date = asDate();
    // On rare occasions, possibly related to DST boundaries, a parsed date will
    // come out as 1:00am. We compensate for the case of going backwards in
    // _correctForErrors, but we may not be able to compensate for a midnight
    // that doesn't exist. So tolerate an hour value of zero or one in these
    // cases.
    var minimumDate = _dateOnly && date.hour == 1 ? 0 : date.hour;
    _verify(hour24, minimumDate, date.hour, "hour", s, date);
    if (day > 31) {
      // We have an ordinal date, compute the corresponding date for the result
      // and compare to that.
      var leapYear = _isLeapYear(date);
      var correspondingDay = _dayOfYear(date.month, date.day, leapYear);
      _verify(day, correspondingDay, correspondingDay, "day", s, date);
    } else {
      // We have the day of the month, compare directly.
      _verify(day, date.day, date.day, "day", s, date);
    }
    _verify(year, date.year, date.year, "year", s, date);
  }

  _verify(int value, int min, int max, String desc, String originalInput,
      [DateTime parsed]) {
    if (value < min || value > max) {
      var parsedDescription = parsed == null ? "" : " Date parsed as $parsed.";
      throw new FormatException(
          "Error parsing $originalInput, invalid $desc value: $value."
          " Expected value between $min and $max.$parsedDescription");
    }
  }

  /// Return a date built using our values. If no date portion is set,
  /// use the "Epoch" of January 1, 1970.
  DateTime asDate({int retries: 3}) {
    // TODO(alanknight): Validate the date, especially for things which
    // can crash the VM, e.g. large month values.

    if (utc) {
      return new DateTime.utc(
          year, month, day, hour24, minute, second, fractionalSecond);
    } else {
      var preliminaryResult = new DateTime(
          year, month, day, hour24, minute, second, fractionalSecond);
      return _correctForErrors(preliminaryResult, retries);
    }
  }

  /// Given a local DateTime, check for errors and try to compensate for them if
  /// possible.
  DateTime _correctForErrors(DateTime result, int retries) {
    // There are 3 kinds of errors that we know of
    //
    // 1 - Issue 15560, sometimes we get UTC even when we asked for local, or
    // they get constructed as if in UTC and then have the offset
    // subtracted. Retry, possibly several times, until we get something that
    // looks valid, or we give up.
    //
    // 2 - Timezone transitions. If we ask for the time during a timezone
    // transition then it will offset it by that transition. This is
    // particularly a problem if the timezone transition happens at midnight,
    // and we're looking for a date with no time component. This happens in
    // Brazil, and we can end up with 11:00pm the previous day. Add time to
    // compensate.
    //
    // 3 - Invalid input which the constructor nevertheless accepts. Just
    // return what it created, and verify will catch it if we're in strict
    // mode.

    // If we've exhausted our retries, just return the input - it's not just a
    // flaky result.
    if (retries <= 0) {
      return result;
    }

    var leapYear = _isLeapYear(result);
    var correspondingDay = _dayOfYear(result.month, result.day, leapYear);

    // Check for the UTC failure. Are we expecting to produce a local time, but
    // the result is UTC. However, the local time might happen to be the same as
    // UTC. To be thorough, check if either the hour/day don't agree with what
    // we expect, or is a new DateTime in a non-UTC timezone.
    if (!utc &&
        result.isUtc &&
        (result.hour != hour24 ||
            result.day != correspondingDay ||
            !new DateTime.now().isUtc)) {
      // This may be a UTC failure. Retry and if the result doesn't look
      // like it's in the UTC time zone, use that instead.
      return asDate(retries: retries - 1);
    }
    if (_dateOnly && day != correspondingDay) {
      // If we're _dateOnly, then hours should be zero, but might have been
      // offset to e.g. 11:00pm the previous day. Add that time back in. We
      // only care about jumps backwards. If we were offset to e.g. 1:00am the
      // same day that's all right for a date. It gets the day correct, and we
      // have no way to even represent midnight on a day when it doesn't
      // happen.
      var adjusted = result.add(new Duration(hours: (24 - result.hour)));
      if (_dayOfYear(adjusted.month, adjusted.day, leapYear) == day)
        return adjusted;
    }
    return result;
  }
}

/// A simple and not particularly general stream class to make parsing
/// dates from strings simpler. It is general enough to operate on either
/// lists or strings.
// TODO(alanknight): With the improvements to the collection libraries
// since this was written we might be able to get rid of it entirely
// in favor of e.g. aString.split('') giving us an iterable of one-character
// strings, or else make the implementation trivial. And consider renaming,
// as _Stream is now just confusing with the system Streams.
class _Stream {
  var contents;
  int index = 0;

  _Stream(this.contents);

  bool atEnd() => index >= contents.length;

  next() => contents[index++];

  /// Return the next [howMany] items, or as many as there are remaining.
  /// Advance the stream by that many positions.
  read([int howMany = 1]) {
    var result = peek(howMany);
    index += howMany;
    return result;
  }

  /// Does the input start with the given string, if we start from the
  /// current position.
  bool startsWith(String pattern) {
    if (contents is String) return contents.startsWith(pattern, index);
    return pattern == peek(pattern.length);
  }

  /// Return the next [howMany] items, or as many as there are remaining.
  /// Does not modify the stream position.
  peek([int howMany = 1]) {
    var result;
    if (contents is String) {
      String stringContents = contents;
      result = stringContents.substring(
          index, min(index + howMany, stringContents.length));
    } else {
      // Assume List
      result = contents.sublist(index, index + howMany);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /// Return the remaining contents of the stream
  rest() => peek(contents.length - index);

  /// Find the index of the first element for which [f] returns true.
  /// Advances the stream to that position.
  int findIndex(Function f) {
    while (!atEnd()) {
      if (f(next())) return index - 1;
    }
    return null;
  }

  /// Find the indexes of all the elements for which [f] returns true.
  /// Leaves the stream positioned at the end.
  List findIndexes(Function f) {
    var results = [];
    while (!atEnd()) {
      if (f(next())) results.add(index - 1);
    }
    return results;
  }

  /// Assuming that the contents are characters, read as many digits as we
  /// can see and then return the corresponding integer, advancing the receiver.
  ///
  /// For non-ascii digits, the optional arguments are a regular expression
  /// [digitMatcher] to find the next integer, and the codeUnit of the local
  /// zero [zeroDigit].
  int nextInteger({RegExp digitMatcher, int zeroDigit}) {
    var string =
        (digitMatcher ?? DateFormat._asciiDigitMatcher).stringMatch(rest());
    if (string == null || string.isEmpty) return null;
    read(string.length);
    if (zeroDigit != null && zeroDigit != DateFormat._asciiZeroCodeUnit) {
      // Trying to optimize this, as it might get called a lot.
      var oldDigits = string.codeUnits;
      var newDigits = new List<int>(string.length);
      for (var i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
        newDigits[i] = oldDigits[i] - zeroDigit + DateFormat._asciiZeroCodeUnit;
      }
      string = new String.fromCharCodes(newDigits);
    }
    return int.parse(string);
  }
}